Soda Ash Light: From Early Beginnings to Modern Innovation
Historic Changes and Big Shifts in Soda Ash
Soda ash light, known to many as sodium carbonate, carved out its place in industrial history long before smartphones and laptops appeared on workbenches. Back in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, European chemists looked for ways to break away from natural soda sources like plant ashes and saline lakes. The Leblanc process took over, pumping up production but dragging along some nasty sulfur-laden byproducts. Decades rolled on and the Solvay process redefined the industry. Factories started to churn out huge amounts of soda ash using limestone, salt, and ammonia, leaving cleaner streets and less harm for workers. Before railroads stretched across continents, soda ash meant hand-shoveled barrels. Now, bulk chemistry and tight quality checks set the tone for this product’s global importance. I’ve seen old glass bottles in museums and thought about how each one once depended on soda ash, a quiet backbone in technology’s story.
Peeling Back on Product Overview
This material grabs your attention because of its simple white, powdery form and ease of transport. Soda ash light means the sodium carbonate has a lower bulk density, making it handy for storage, mixing, and dissolving in various processes. Unlike the heavier soda ash dense, this grade flows like flour, doesn’t clump, and fits into systems needing quick dissolution—think water treatment or powder detergents. Folks in the chemical trade know this product as a reliable salt, not too fussed by moisture if sealed up tight, but easy enough to handle without special gear. Any producer or user in the glass, detergent, or textile trades has stacks of this powder sitting in ready supply.
Physical and Chemical Standouts
Soda ash light takes shape as a free-flowing, white crystalline powder or sometimes as small granules that seem to vanish in water almost instantly. Its chemical makeup speaks for itself: Na2CO3, which means every spoonful carries sodium and carbonate ions in perfect partnership. Melting point sits above 850°C, so high-temp operations don’t break it down in a hurry. Unlike baking soda, this powder feels smooth and slightly soapy—no wonder cleaning formulas love it. It reacts strongly with acids, producing bubbles of carbon dioxide, a reaction kids learning science still use to power their classroom volcanoes. This characteristic helps users measure water hardness, balance pH, and clean up messes.
Specifications and Honest Labeling
Most reliable suppliers post soda ash light with a sodium carbonate content above 99 percent for technical batches, sometimes hovering just shy of perfect. Moisture runs low, typically less than a percent, which matters when storage isn’t bone dry. Bag labels show DIN or ISO standards, stating origin, purity, and test batch. Any legitimate certificate points out chloride content, heavy metal residues, and grain size—a nod to buyers worried about fine print and long-term machine performance. From my own work, a simple pH strip can confirm an alkaline punch above 11 in a fresh soda ash solution, which always reassures.
Preparation in the Real World
Commerical soda ash light mostly starts with the Solvay process, a dance of salt, limestone, and ammonia recycled without major loss. Brine soaks up ammonia gas, which then reacts with carbon dioxide. The process spits out sodium bicarbonate first, which settles out and then gets heated to form soda ash and steam away carbon dioxide. Solid residue is filtered, washed, and dried; the lighter version results from less compaction and gentler drying steps. Early chemists would find today’s huge pressure towers and continuous washing a marvel. Decades of tweaks cut costs, saved more ammonia, and limited waste streams. This shift lets plants recycle raw materials, trim emissions, and serve global demand with consistency.
Reactions and In-the-Field Modifications
Grab a beaker, add a spoon of soda ash, and a splash of hydrochloric acid—the fizz signals the birth of carbon dioxide and a quick drop in pH. Soda ash reacts with many cations; adding it to hard water knocks out calcium and magnesium as insoluble carbonates. Textile workers use it to ‘fix’ dyes on fabric, making colors pop. In glassmaking, mixing soda ash with silica and calcium carbonate drops the melting point so sand can turn clear and strong at lower temperatures. Soap-makers use it to modify fatty acids, and environmental technicians use it to remove sulfur oxides by scrubbing exhaust gases. No matter the lab or production line, soda ash always stands ready for a new challenge.
Running Through Names and Global Varieties
Industry veterans call it soda ash light, technical sodium carbonate, washing soda, or crystal carbonate. Other synonyms show up, especially in overseas trade or older chemistry books. The European market often leans toward ‘calcined soda,’ while some older companies stick with ‘soda crystals’ for unspecific grades. The chemical formula Na2CO3 always turns up, but importers and customs officers learn to sort products by packaging color, weight per bag, and region-specific branding.
Keeping Workplaces Safe and Professional
Workshops using soda ash light focus on skin and eye safety. Fine powder can irritate mucous membranes, so goggles, gloves, and dust masks become standard gear when handling bulk shipments. Storage stays dry and off the floor, out of reach of children, and away from strong acids. Transport and bagging plants use dust-collection systems to catch airborne particles. Spills seldom threaten major emergencies—water and a mop settle things fast—but large-scale releases get managed with proper containment. National safety documents advise on disposal, highlighting that controlled sites or industrial use present little risk for the public, though misuse could harm aquatic life downstream.
Where Soda Ash Light Makes a Mark
Every city skyline with glass windows or bottles clinking down factory lines shows why soda ash matters. Glass manufacturers rely on this powder to lower the melting point of silica, saving energy and trimming costs. Laundry detergents tap into soda ash for its ability to soften water and lift stains, letting less soap cover more ground. Water purification systems add a pinch to neutralize acidic wells or streams. Textile processors trust soda ash for pretreatment and dye finishing, while paper mills use it to control pulp acidity. Chemical synthesis, food additives, and environmental detox projects all count on regular shipments. If you look closely, the reach of soda ash light runs wider than most folks realize.
Pushing Forward with Research and Fresh Ideas
Research labs keep pushing soda ash light toward fewer emissions and better performance. Teams develop new ways to recycle ammonia or capture carbon dioxide during production, hoping to inch the Solvay process closer to closed loops. Glassmakers experiment with micro-additives to match changing energy costs. Water treatment startups look for blends pairing soda ash with newer reagents. Technical journals track tiny tweaks to crystal growth, aiming to boost solubility, storage, or pelletizing without extra heat. Companies in regions short on limestone or salt try pilot projects using brine mining or hybrid processes, all to shave emissions and meet stricter regulations. I’ve seen industry panels buzzing about these innovations, with real optimism for the next leap ahead.
Health Facts and a Closer Look at Risks
Soda ash light pulls a relatively low toxicity profile compared with some industrial chemicals, but high exposures bother airways, eyes, and skin. Research tracks safe exposure levels closely, especially in bulk-handling plants with dust-prone equipment. Occupational studies suggest repeated contact leads to dryness and mild irritation, not serious long-term illness, provided routine hygiene rules get followed. In food-grade settings, heavy oversight keeps batch purity and worker safety in the spotlight. Large doses shouldn’t reach streams, as carbonate ions shift aquatic pH. Researchers keep tabs on these impacts, leading to tighter disposal and water treatment steps where needed.
Looking Down the Road
Future prospects for soda ash light carry both challenge and promise. Energy prices and raw material supplies push producers to rethink transportation and waste, with automation and digital tracking changing how supply chains operate. More markets clamp down on emissions. Glass and detergent makers now hunt for greener raw materials or tighter recycling. Startups even look for ways to pull sodium carbonate from brines or industrial byproducts as an answer to raw mineral shortages. Research centers share goals with industry veterans: stretch lifespans of plants, trim waste, and keep the product affordable for big and small buyers alike. Each improvement may seem small, but together, they nudge this old commodity toward a leaner, smarter chapter.
Everyday Glass and Soda Ash Light
Glass surrounds us, yet very few notice the chemistry behind a beer bottle or a kitchen window. Soda ash light, also known as sodium carbonate, holds the key to glass production. Factories melt together sand and limestone, but neither will give you clear, tough glass on their own. Soda ash light lowers the temperature sand needs to become liquid, which saves energy and keeps costs manageable. The same fact stands for smaller artisans working in recycled glass or art studios—soda ash light helps make their efforts possible. From the jars in my pantry to the screen on my smartphone, this chemical makes glass smoother, stronger, and surprisingly affordable.
Soapmaking and Cleaning Power
Show up at any old-school soapmaking demonstration, and you’re bound to see soda ash light in use. Its alkaline nature turns natural fats into soap through saponification. This goes back to when folks relied on basic supplies to get things clean. The commercial soap you pull off the supermarket shelf—or the detergent you toss in the laundry—often contains soda ash light too. Without it, oil or grease would cling to clothes or dishes. In hard-water homes, it stops the minerals that cause annoying residue, so detergents actually do their job. Households trust it to get rid of stubborn stains, whether cleaning tile grout or brightening coffee mugs.
Taming Water and Fixing pH
Water doesn’t always act the same everywhere. Hard water, full of calcium and magnesium, causes problems in boilers, radiators, and even everyday plumbing. Soda ash light fixes the pH and softens water by making the minerals form insoluble particles. Municipal water suppliers rely on soda ash light to keep drinking water flowing clear and safe, helping cities avoid costly repairs or pipe clogs. In pools, it keeps the pH in the zone where both swimmers and filtration systems function best—too far outside that comfort range and skin rashes, equipment failure, or even bacteria outbreaks become real risks.
Pulp, Paper, and Everyday Packaging
Pulp and paper production remains another industry that leans heavily on soda ash light. When processors break down wood into pulp, they run into natural acids that could ruin machinery or turn paper yellow and brittle. Soda ash light neutralizes these acids, letting mills keep machines running smoothly and helping produce whiter, stronger sheets. Walk into an office, flip through a magazine, or unwrap a pizza, and you’re touching a product shaped by this chemical.
Soda Ash Light in Food
Baking requires more than flour and heat; sometimes, you need a food-grade alkali to tweak dough texture or prevent bitterness. Soda ash light fits here too. Some pretzel makers still rely on it for that signature crust, and manufacturers use it to help balance acidity in cocoa and syrups. Long shelf life and stable flavors matter in the food business, especially for products shipped around the globe, so this ingredient quietly plays its part in daily diets.
Finding Balance with Soda Ash Light
Any material with so many uses brings responsibility. Handling, storage, and disposal require smart practices. Manufacturers must monitor for dust and spills, and safety sheets guide workers. Regulators in places like the U.S. and Europe set clear rules for its use in drinking water or food manufacturing. A substance so integral to glass, laundry, water treatment, and food deserves careful attention—by those who make it and those who depend on it.
What Sets Them Apart?
Soda ash, or sodium carbonate, pops up everywhere from glass production to soaps. The light and dense varieties both play supporting roles in industry, but their differences mean each fits better in particular jobs. Soda ash light comes in a fine, powdery form. Soda ash dense feels heavier, looks chunkier, and forms granules. At first, that might not seem like such a big deal, but it can cause major changes in how well things work on the production line.
Real-World Choices in Manufacturing
In my early years spending time with chemical suppliers, I remember warehouse teams always making sure not to swap one for the other. Soda ash light pours easily, clings to everything, and mixes into a solution very quickly. Some companies value that when making detergents, where a smooth dissolve is key. Stick the denser stuff in those same tanks and you’d probably plug up the pipes or slow things down. Soda ash dense, on the other hand, shines in glass factories. Conveyors shake and roll heavy granules toward enormous furnaces. Workers count on those bigger grains to avoid dust, spills, and the kind of losses that drive overheads up.
How Do These Physical Differences Matter?
Moving these powders in bulk highlights yet another difference. Bulk density of soda ash light falls around 500–600 kg per cubic meter, while the dense version tips the scale at 1,000–1,200 kg per cubic meter. That means handling, shipping, and cost calculations all shift according to which one ends up on the truck. Anyone trying to keep the floors clean in a busy facility soon learns dustiness from light soda ash can become a headache, with rooms needing constant cleaning and filters packed with powder. Swapping to dense soda ash brings fewer airborne particles, so companies pay less on housekeeping and filtering equipment.
Impacts on Product Quality
Glass, one of the biggest markets for soda ash, throws these differences into sharp relief. Soda ash dense helps hold together batch materials and melts into the mixture at just the right rate. If manufacturers choose soda ash light, they risk uneven melting, changes in texture, or yield drops. Even fiberglass producers demand the dense variety for smoother blending and better end results.
Addressing Problems Linked to Each Type
Using the wrong grade can mean more than just financial losses—it can damage machinery or lead to safety risks. I’ve seen small chemical firms specializing in cleaning agents stick with the light type, simply because their systems weren’t equipped to handle anything bulkier. They avoided jams, but fought with dust controls and sometimes slipped up during weighing and portioning. Better training and investment in equipment could cut down on those headaches.
Glass factories that rely on the dense product sometimes find supply shortages or price swings. Some shift strategies by lining up additional suppliers or using blends that tweak product ratios without losing too much quality. Research teams sometimes try to develop new processing aids that help factories adapt to whatever form of soda ash they can buy at a reasonable rate.
Looking Ahead
Chemical manufacturers and the industries they serve need to think about both the suitability and the supply chain stability of soda ash. The key isn’t always picking just one type, but understanding how their small differences ripple outward through factories, budgets, product performance, and environmental impact. Getting those calls right makes a difference not just to the big industry players, but also to workers and everyday consumers.
Chemical Formula and What It Means in Everyday Life
Soda ash light usually gets bottled down to three simple elements: sodium, carbon, and oxygen. Its standard formula is Na₂CO₃. This compound has been keeping glassmakers, detergent plants, and water softeners busy for well over a century. The makeup of soda ash has never changed, but the way people understand its impact keeps growing—especially as industries count their environmental costs.
Why the Chemical Formula Matters Beyond the Lab
I worked for a few years with water treatment operators, many of whom considered Na₂CO₃ just another bag in the storeroom. Anyone expecting fireworks from soda ash hasn’t seen a calcium-clogged pipe cleared out by a dash of this white powder. Soda ash light bonds with the mineral build-up, freeing water systems from hard water damage. Knowing the chemical formula isn’t just about rote memorization for a test—it makes a critical difference in troubleshooting real-world problems.
This salt’s structure, two sodium atoms paired to a single carbonate molecule, means it doesn’t just melt away in water; it actively changes pH and chemistry. Stories from glass plant workers show how a precise balance of sodium carbonate drives quality. If a batch is off by even a small percentage, finished glass turns brittle or cloudy. The science sits under the surface, but it carries consequences for safety, efficiency, and material cost.
Sourcing and Safety in Production
Most soda ash production relies on natural trona deposits or synthetic processes built on salt and limestone. Communities near these mining or chemical plants keep a close eye on pollution. Factories that fail to keep carbon emissions under check can draw fines and public outrage. My years in rural Wyoming, where one of the world’s largest trona mines operates, showed how air and water testing guide people’s trust in the industry. The formula—Na₂CO₃—doesn’t tell the story of what happens to tailings or processing runoff. Only committed oversight manages those risks.
Consumer Goods and Health Considerations
People brush up against soda ash more than they know. It sits at the back end of laundry detergents, giving them their cleaning kick. Food industries—yes, even some bakeries—use food-grade sodium carbonate to modify acidity. It's food safe in tiny doses, but large exposures, from either workplace contact or accidental spillage, bring risks. The compound can irritate skin and lungs. Proper labeling and clear safety guidelines support health both in factories and at home.
Innovating with Environmental Responsibility
As factories tune processes for clean water and low-waste production, sodium carbonate stands at a crossroads. Researchers have looked for carbon capture methods that tie in directly with soda ash manufacture, turning waste CO₂ emissions into useful products. Some European plants trial closed-loop methods where CO₂ meets lye from sea salt, turning out fresh batches of soda ash and cutting raw resource use. These projects don’t just tick regulatory boxes; they build public trust and help industries prepare for stricter future rules.
Actionable Steps Forward
Techs on the ground stay alert for spills and overuse. Simple steps—good ventilation, gloves, masks—cut down on daily hazards. For big-picture improvements, companies can sharpen their air and water monitoring, invite local oversight, and commit to transparent reporting. On the customer side, demanding clear labels on cleaning and food products ensures safer storage at home. Soda ash isn’t just a string of elements; it bridges chemistry, commerce, and community trust.
Getting the Basics Right
Soda ash light, or sodium carbonate, shows up in a surprising number of industries I’ve come across—glassmaking, detergents, even cooking. Despite that familiarity, it isn’t the kind of material you toss in a corner and forget about. If you want workers and workplaces to stay safe, you approach storage and handling with real care.
Keep It Dry, Keep It Safe
Once soda ash light absorbs moisture, it starts to clump. Those clumps mess up feed mechanisms, shifting from fine powder to chunks nobody wants to deal with. I’ve seen what a humid storeroom does to a batch left open—suddenly, the flow stops, equipment jams, and productivity drops. Dry storage minimizes all of that hassle.
Factories trust storage silos or airtight bins to seal out the air. Thick plastic liners stretch across the tops of open bags; that simple move saves plenty of money down the road. Pallets get lifted off the floor, avoiding any water intrusion during floods or spills. On a hot day, humidity rises fast, but covered containers shield contents from the air.
Protecting People on the Job
Handling soda ash light isn’t as risky as dealing with acids, but dust still irritates eyes, throats, and skin. It’s smart to wear dust masks, goggles, and gloves; after handling larger quantities, a quick wash of exposed skin keeps rashes at bay. Safety Data Sheets spell out what to do in case of exposure—plain water handles most minor splashes. From my own routine: never rub your eyes before washing up, no matter how brief the job.
Ventilation stands out in workshops using bulk soda ash. Open windows or extractor fans drive dust away, making breathing easier for everyone. I once toured a plant where air moved sluggishly—workers coughed more, cleaned more, and accidents climbed. A few simple fans swung the stats back to normal.
Spill Control and Fire Precautions
Spills aren’t rare in handling powder. Shovels and vacuum systems pick up soda ash light efficiently. Avoid using water for clean-up—mixing creates slippery surfaces. Workers sweep gently to avoid stoking up more dust. Fire isn’t much of a risk with sodium carbonate itself, though packaging materials deserve the usual respect—no smoking signs posted, fire extinguishers handy.
Storage Placement and Labeling
Soda ash light sits best away from strong acids. Even a small leak turns accidental mixing into a nasty chemical reaction. I remember one incident in a cramped storage area—the crew scrambled, and the clean-up took a whole afternoon. Clear labels, big print, and a spot on the inventory make tracking much easier. Flammable or reactive chemicals get a separate room.
Looking Ahead: Better Habits, Better Results
With every batch that passes through my hands, good habits matter more than any safety sign on the wall. Routine checks, clear communication, and regular training stand out. Workers spot tears in sacks, measure humidity, and maintain order. Manufacturers push for smarter bins, stronger packaging, and better air filters. In my experience, the businesses investing in those steps dodge costly mistakes—we’d all prefer prevention over scrambling.
Safe storage and handling make soda ash light an asset, not a risk. By keeping conditions dry and well-ventilated, using protective equipment, and respecting chemical boundaries, companies and workers put themselves in a stronger position—both for the workday, and for the long haul.
Understanding Soda Ash Light
Soda ash light might sound like something you find on a factory floor, but a lot of people have already interacted with it, maybe without ever noticing. Chemically, it’s sodium carbonate, the same base ingredient that goes into making glass, certain soaps, and some cleaning products. But sodium carbonate doesn’t just stick to heavy industry. It’s actually pretty common in food and water processing.
Soda Ash in Everyday Water
A lot of towns add soda ash to water supplies, mostly because it balances out acidic water, stops lead or copper pipes from corroding, and keeps the water tasting right. In plenty of real-world water plants, you’ll see operators tipping the soda ash in every single day, checking or adjusting the dose right there on their shift. People use home test kits on tap water and never find anything harmful when soda ash is being used at recommended levels. It doesn’t add weird color, taste, or cloudiness. Even studies from groups like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency back up that, at approved doses, there’s nothing dangerous about drinking water treated with sodium carbonate.
Soda Ash in Food Processing
People might be surprised to hear that sodium carbonate is allowed into their kitchens, but soda ash has its place on food ingredient lists. Certain candies, ramen noodles, and pretzels get their color and unique bite after a splash of lye water or sodium carbonate. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists sodium carbonate as “generally recognized as safe” for use in food. Using food-grade soda ash, manufacturers control the exact amount going in, making sure it won’t cause any trouble for people with sensitive stomachs or allergies. If you’ve ever baked European-style pretzels at home, you’ve probably handled some version of this—diluted, measured, and used in small amounts.
Safety Checks and Standards
Safety in water and food isn’t just about having a clean-looking label. Experts, including chemists and public health groups, lay out clear guidelines. Certified labs regularly test and approve suppliers, so contaminated batches rarely slip through. Countries have their own standards—like the American Water Works Association’s purity guidelines or strict food additive rules in Europe. This keeps low-quality material from finding its way into the public food or water supply. In my experience working with water utilities, every bag or drum of soda ash comes with paperwork listing its source, batch, and lab results, which crew members check before it even gets to the treatment tank.
Looking at Risks and Solutions
Not all soda ash is created equal. Industrial grades, meant for glass-making or cleaning, can carry more impurities. So the solution is to demand food-grade or water treatment-grade product for anything that’s going to touch what people eat or drink. Regulatory bodies run regular checks; producers need to source from reliable suppliers. If someone is worried about exposure, checking for certifications like NSF or testing by independent labs is a straightforward way to stay safe. For people in areas where regulations aren’t as strong, investing in home water testing or using food additives with clear labels makes a real difference.
Why Transparency Matters
Trust plays a big role. Consumers often want simple answers about what’s going into their bodies. Full transparency from suppliers, clear labeling, and honest explanations from water utilities and food makers all help put people’s minds at ease. Nobody wants to take risks with their dinner or the water they drink, and knowing where the soda ash comes from and who tested it gives people a practical sense of security. That’s not just a technical issue; it’s about real peace of mind.

| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | sodium carbonate |
| Other names |
Sodium Carbonate
Na2CO3 Washing Soda Calcined Soda |
| Pronunciation | /ˈsəʊ.də æʃ laɪt/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | sodium carbonate |
| Other names |
Sodium Carbonate
Na2CO3 Washing Soda Sal Soda Soda Ash |
| Pronunciation | /ˈsəʊdə æʃ laɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 497-19-8 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4155586 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:29377 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201736 |
| ChemSpider | 4371164 |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03d2e497-7a06-4434-8e36-80adee0630c9 |
| EC Number | EC No. 207-838-8 |
| Gmelin Reference | 760 |
| KEGG | C06155 |
| MeSH | D002248 |
| PubChem CID | 8622 |
| RTECS number | VZ4050000 |
| UNII | LPL78PO4IK |
| UN number | UN3077 |
| CAS Number | 497-19-8 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `JSmol.loadInline('data="C [Na+].OC([O-])=O"')` |
| Beilstein Reference | 1713882 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:29377 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201732 |
| ChemSpider | 65298 |
| DrugBank | DB14384 |
| ECHA InfoCard | echa.infocard:100.029.140 |
| EC Number | EC 207-838-8 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gmelin: 13920 |
| KEGG | C00188 |
| MeSH | D002248 |
| PubChem CID | 8622 |
| RTECS number | VZ4050000 |
| UNII | 6UYK2W1K8G |
| UN number | UN1823 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | Na2CO3 |
| Molar mass | 105.99 g/mol |
| Appearance | White, fine, odorless powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.86 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | 10.49 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | 11.6 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 12.0 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.378 |
| Dipole moment | zero |
| Chemical formula | Na2CO3 |
| Molar mass | 105.99 g/mol |
| Appearance | White, odorless, fine granular or powder form |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.86 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | 10.47 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | 11.6 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 3.67 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic (-40 × 10^-6 cgs units) |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.378 |
| Viscosity | 1.2 mPa·s (for a 10% solution at 20°C) |
| Dipole moment | 0 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 146.14 J/mol·K |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1130.7 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -271.1 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 269.8 J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1131 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -1568 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | V03AR03 |
| ATC code | V03AB33 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Causes serious eye irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, Warning, Causes serious eye irritation |
| Pictograms | “GHS07, GHS09” |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H319: Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | Keep container tightly closed. Store in a dry place. Avoid breathing dust. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective gloves, clothing, eye protection, and face protection. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Health: 2, Flammability: 0, Instability: 0, Special: - |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 4090 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | 4090 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | SN8330000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 15 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 4,000 - 4,500 |
| Main hazards | May cause eye and skin irritation; harmful if swallowed or inhaled. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, Warning, Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Pictograms | Not classified as hazardous according to GHS; no pictogram required |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | Hazard statements: "Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-0-2 |
| LD50 (median dose) | 4090 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | SN8925000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 15 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 450,000 |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Baking soda
Sodium hydroxide Sodium bicarbonate Potash Calcium carbonate Sodium chloride Soda Ash Dense |
| Related compounds |
Sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate Potassium carbonate Sodium hydroxide Calcium carbonate |