Soda Ash Dense: An Honest Look Through Industry and Science

Historical Development of Soda Ash Dense

Soda Ash Dense found its roots in the centuries-old quest for a better way to wash and make glass. Ancient Egyptians pulled soda from natural deposits along dry lakebeds. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Leblanc and Solvay processes kicked off an industrial revolution. Factories switched from burning plants like kelp and barilla to cleaner, more efficient chemical synthesis. Europeans turned their gaze to salt and limestone. Belgium’s Ernest Solvay combined them, creating an industrial backbone—turning simple ingredients into an essential material. The method did more than ramp up production. It left behind a cleaner process, fewer dangerous byproducts, and a model that modern plants still hold onto. Looking across industries now, this history shaped paths in glassworks, detergents, and beyond.

Product Overview

Soda Ash Dense stands as a purified, highly concentrated form of sodium carbonate. It usually appears as high-purity white granules that flow easily and store well—a favorite among bulk buyers. It packs more weight than its lighter cousin, carrying more punch per scoop. In my experience, anyone in manufacturing, from glassmakers to soap blenders, keeps an eye out for this variety. They value dense product mainly for its cost savings in transport and efficiency in use. It’s easy to see why companies will pay a bit extra for material that delivers more output per ton.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Granular, dry, and almost dazzling in its whiteness, Soda Ash Dense runs heavier than its lighter cousin, sitting comfortably at a density above 0.95 g/cm³. No clumps, no fine dust—a welcome relief in dusty factories. The material keeps steady in dry air but turns a bit sticky when humidity rises. Handling brings no smells. Chemically, it delivers strong alkalinity, sitting up at a pH of about 11 in solution. It resists melting up to 851°C. It refuses to catch fire, doesn’t break down at room temperature, and reacts with acids to let loose carbon dioxide in a froth of bubbles. In the workplace, strict storage and dryness rules keep it moving smoothly through hoppers and mixers.

Technical Specifications and Labeling

Walking through warehouses, clear bags and steel drums catch the eye—each labeled with batch numbers, purity percentages, and manufacturer details. Merchants rarely buy below 99% sodium carbonate. Clarity matters for buyers, who want a run-down on residual sodium chloride, iron, moisture, and insoluble materials. International standards like ASTM E500 and ISO 1793 keep manufacturers honest. Safety signage warns of possible irritation, outlining good handling practices. Reliable suppliers provide full traceability with every shipment, laying out technical data sheets and certificates of analysis on demand. This attention to traceability helps firms nail down product recalls and satisfy audits—key in today’s regulatory climate.

Preparation Method

Most Dense Soda Ash starts its journey in a Solvay reactor. Brine and limestone get injected together, capturing ammonia in a massive, bubbling column. Carbon dioxide locks up with ammonia in the brine, forming sodium bicarbonate that drops out. Heat then breaks it down to soda ash, which gets washed, dried, and tumbled in rotary kilns until it reaches a tough, granular texture. Some smaller plants clean up natural trona ore, which skips several steps, reducing pollution and cutting energy bills drastically. Both methods demand crisp process controls and tight waste management, especially with water and ammonia recovery.

Chemical Reactions and Modifications

Soda Ash Dense doesn’t sit idle in chemical storerooms. It gladly exchanges sodium with calcium or magnesium to soften water and keeps acids in check by forming carbon dioxide and a salt. Glassmakers rely heavily on its decomposition and fusion behaviors, using it alongside sand and limestone. Formulators may tweak its granule size, moisture content, and purity to meet certain furnace or reactor conditions. Mixing with sodium silicate and other alkalis broadens its reach into different branches of the chemical industry, fuelling everything from paper pulping to pH control.

Synonyms and Product Names

Across the globe, manufacturers and buyers may call it Soda Ash Dense, Dense Soda Ash, sodium carbonate heavy, or heavy soda. Chemists log it as Na₂CO₃. In supply chains, international codes and hundreds of trade names add to the mix. Some big firms market it as “Dense Soda Soda Heavy Grade” or “High Purity Heavy Sodium Carbonate.” This wide naming field sometimes brings confusion during procurement, so due diligence with technical sheets avoids costly mistakes.

Safety and Operational Standards

In shops and plants, Soda Ash Dense demands basic precautions. It won’t ignite, yet contact with eyes or skin causes dryness, irritation, and—on a bad day—red, itchy rashes. Workers need gloves, goggles, and tight protocols for dust control. Inhalation carries risk to those with asthma or lung conditions, so ventilation sits high on safety officers’ lists. Environmental handlers watch drainage and spill management—carbonates in water can change pH, affecting fish and aquatic life. Following international workplace safety standards, such as OSHA, GHS, and REACH, reduces accident risks and sharpens company reputations.

Application Area

Glassworks top the consumption chart, where dense soda ash anchors the float and container glass industries. Its consistent quality and bulk density mean fewer interruptions and cost savings in high-tonnage operations. Soap and detergent makers feed it into blending tanks to soften water and boost cleaning power. Pulp and paper mills count on it to separate and treat fibers, while municipal water treatment plants dose it for pH control and pipe cleaning. Mineral processing, dye manufacturing, and chemical synthesis count among growing uses, leveraging its ability to neutralize acids and extract valuable metals from ore. My time among old factory floors taught me that wherever alkaline conditions are key, this product claims a spot.

Research and Development

Modern labs dig into tweaks like optimizing granule morphology, improving pellet strength, and reducing energy use during calcination. Computer-controlled flow systems and advanced drying lines lessen environmental impact without hurting quality. Green chemistry researchers investigate new catalysts, seeking to cut ammonia usage and control effluent streams. Leading producers now trial closed-loop systems and cleaner scrubbing of flue gases. Data from decades of industrial hygiene studies guide additive packages and protective coatings, bending production toward safer, more sustainable models. There's also a big push to make every input traceable, adding transparency from mine to finished drum.

Toxicity Research

Toxicologists call Soda Ash Dense only mildly hazardous by ingestion, ranking far below strong alkalis like caustic soda. Oral doses in animal studies show little systemic toxicity, yet eyes and airways remain vulnerable. Chronic overexposure sometimes leads to mild irritation and, in rare cases, exacerbates conditions like bronchitis. Environmental studies point to the risk for aquatic ecosystems—dumping large amounts raises pH quickly, endangering fish and invertebrates. Leading safety agencies cap workplace exposure at safe limits. Personal experience with bulk transfer lines reminds me that local rules vary, but smart handling cuts occupational and environmental risk to a bare minimum.

Future Prospects

Producers turn toward automation, waste heat recovery, and digital tracking to sharpen competitive edges. With glass and lithium battery markets heating up, demand remains strong. The next frontier aims for greener chemistry—engineers try to slash carbon footprint by lowering calcination temperatures and recycling more byproducts. Product upgrades may soon offer even denser grades or specialty blends for modern manufacturing. As sustainability gains muscle, industries will back research into low-emission processes and cleaner logistics. Tighter regulatory controls and greater consumer scrutiny will keep producers on their toes. From old companies to startups, those who adapt find themselves poised for the next era in chemical production.



What is Soda Ash Dense used for?

What Soda Ash Dense Actually Does

Soda ash dense gets plenty of attention in factories but almost none outside the plant gate. This chemical, known to scientists as sodium carbonate, looks like a white, granular powder. The real story begins in places where products we use every day take shape. If you’ve ever stood on a tile floor or washed a glass cup, you’ve seen soda ash in action. Factories reach for the dense form because it packs tightly, handles easily, and minimizes dust — all practical details that operators appreciate more than the folks writing the spec sheets.

Glassmaking’s Secret Ingredient

Glass factories work soda ash dense into most batches. Soda ash helps lower the temperature needed to melt sand, which saves a lot of fuel and cuts carbon emissions long before a bottle shows up on a store shelf. The math is simple: with soda ash, glass melts at about 1,000 degrees Celsius instead of the near-1,700 degrees it would without help. It’s not just for bottles, either. Windows, jars, and fiberglass insulation all start with a scoop of this stuff. The American Chemistry Council notes that glass production swallows up over half of all soda ash made in the United States, showing just how deep its footprint runs.

Chemicals and Cleaning Up Water

The chemical industry leans on soda ash dense to make soap, detergents, and even some medicines. In water treatment plants, soda ash changes hard water into something more manageable, replacing calcium and magnesium ions so pipes don’t clog and machines don’t break down. Municipal water utilities and swimming pool owners both use it, though for different reasons — public health, sparkling blue water, or just to keep the plumbing honest.

Manufacturing, Paper, and When Stains Won’t Budge

Pulp and paper plants need soda ash to turn wood chips into paper by altering the acidity of water during pulping. Stubborn stains on fabrics and stubborn chemical residues on metal both call for soda ash in cleaning agents. I’ve worked on the shop floor where nothing could budge the grime except a mix laced with a heavy dose of soda ash. By increasing pH, it helps break down tough residues, so cleaning can go faster and use less corrosive chemicals overall. That brings real benefits to worker safety and time on the job.

Mining and Other Unsung Uses

Mining operations use soda ash dense to extract metals like uranium, copper, and even gold. It binds with unwanted minerals, helping separate them from the valuable stuff. Textile industries also grab it to prepare cotton yarn for dye, ensuring color goes on evenly and sticks around. The ceramics trade, from mugs to floor tiles, benefits in much the same way as glassmaking — lower melting temperatures save both money and energy.

Walking Forward with Simple Changes

It’s easy to overlook ingredients like soda ash dense in the rush of high-tech inventions. Still, the basics deserve attention. Growing demand pushes manufacturers to keep their operations cleaner, use less energy, and find ways to recycle more waste glass and chemical byproducts. Sourcing soda ash from natural deposits like Wyoming’s trona mines cuts energy use while lowering emissions. Companies in Europe and Asia have picked up new techniques to curb dust and make material handling safer for everyone involved. These steps might not sound big, but they ripple through not just the supply chain, but the products we hold in our own hands every day.

What is the difference between Soda Ash Dense and Soda Ash Light?

Soda Ash in Daily Life

Most folks don’t think much about soda ash. Yet it pops up quietly behind the scenes—helping make glass bottles, keeping swimming pool water clear, and even showing up in the detergent aisle. I first heard about the stuff while growing up near a big glass factory, and nobody ever called it by its chemical name, sodium carbonate. People talked about two kinds: dense and light. It turns out these aren’t interchangeable.

What Sets Dense and Light Apart

Soda ash dense and soda ash light both come from trona ore. Factories refine trona and process it further to adjust the grains. The two grades have different weights and structures because of how they’re handled in the plant. Soda ash dense forms bigger, heavier grains, and soda ash light looks more like a fine white powder.

Glass Makers Rely on Dense Soda Ash

Factories that make glass—cars, windows, and bottles—use dense soda ash for a simple reason: it’s easier to transport and mix with sand and limestone. Packing dense grains means less dust flying around, safer conditions, and steadier mixing. From what I’ve seen, glass furnaces run smoother with a coarser product. Plants save money on logistics too, since the dense form fits more weight in each truck or railcar. According to Solvay and Tata Chemicals, dense soda ash makes up most of the soda ash used for major glass production worldwide.

Light Soda Ash Fits Better in Chemicals and Soaps

On the other hand, soap-makers, paper mills, and chemical labs lean on the light form. This fine powder dissolves quickly in water and reacts fast with acids. Ask any industrial chemist, and you hear that quick-dissolving powder shaves minutes or even hours off production time. Smaller operations can scoop out the light powder by hand. It means less clumping, no need for bulky bins, and easier measuring for batches that might change from day to day.

Health and Safety Concerns

Both types need some care in handling—nobody wants powder getting into the air or water. Too much in the lungs irritates the airways, so manufacturers stress good ventilation and dust control. A factory manager once told me workers prefer dense soda ash in bulk handling because there’s less hazy dust when unloading. It’s a small thing, but it saves headaches and even coughs on the job. Regulators like OSHA look for dust levels when they walk into big plants, and keeping this down can sidestep legal trouble and fines.

The Regular Person’s Takeaway

Ask folks who run swimming pools or wash factories: they care about the difference because mixing the wrong form can slow things down, raise costs, or create piles of unused powder. In the plant I once toured, using the wrong grade held up production for an hour while workers swept up and started over. Stores might stock both for different customer needs, but the real cost comes from shipping and handling. For global supply chains, those costs add up quick.

Looking Ahead: Reducing Waste and Pollution

As more industries care about their environmental impact, they’re talking to suppliers about sustainable production and recycling. Nobody likes to see piles of soda ash spoiling soil or water. I’ve seen clean-up crews work overtime after a spill because the company chose the wrong grade or stored it poorly. Clear labeling, staff training, and strong rules about transport are a good start. Going forward, both producers and buyers benefit from understanding the subtleties between dense and light soda ash, so these old chemicals stay productive with less mess and waste.

What is the chemical formula of Soda Ash Dense?

Getting to the Basics: Soda Ash Dense

Soda ash dense turns up in glass factories, water treatment plants, and soap companies, though not everyone thinks about its chemical identity. Soda ash dense carries the formula Na2CO3. That translates to two sodium atoms, one carbon atom, and three oxygens. Behind this simple formula, people find a powerhouse that keeps industrial and everyday products rolling out clean and steady.

What Makes Na2CO3 Key in Industry

Soda ash dense isn’t glamorous, but it helps pull sand into glass and softens up hard water like nothing else. Factories rely on it to help shape bottles and windows. Its consistent chemical behavior makes manufacturers reach for it year after year, and that steady trust lies in the formula.

Years ago, at a ceramics shop, I watched as kilns turned out tiles after they had soaked up a little Na2CO3 in their glaze mixtures. When batches hit snags, someone always checked the quality of soda ash before blaming anything else. The chemical formula plays such an important role that small changes — even in how it’s stored — can bring a line to a halt.

Clean Water and Everyday Life

Soda ash dense helps cities tackle water hardness. Hard water clogs pipes and messes with soap. Municipal water systems add Na2CO3 to swap out magnesium and calcium before they wreak havoc. This isn’t about fancy chemistry, it’s about affordable solutions. By following the formula, towns and cities avoid expensive repairs and keep homes running smoothly.

Out on the farm, livestock drinking tanks often struggle with scale. I remember a neighbor dealing with clog after clog in his irrigation lines. By dosing those tanks with the right amount of Na2CO3, he kept water flowing and his animals happier.

Health and Safety Take Root in Knowledge

Soda ash dense isn’t toxic, but careless handling can irritate skin and lungs. Knowing what’s in the bag — and paying attention to that Na2CO3 formula — means fewer accidents on the floor. Employers with safety at the top know that chemical literacy beats relying on luck.

Some people use baking soda (NaHCO3) interchangeably, but soda ash dense reacts stronger. It pays to double-check the chemical formula before adding anything to a process. Inexperienced staff sometimes confuse the two and end up with a runaway reaction.

Solutions: Training and Transparency

Soda ash dense shows up as Na2CO3 on packaging, but training goes deeper than reading a label. Companies who spend time teaching the science behind that formula build safer workplaces and higher product quality. I’ve seen troubleshooting speed up as soon as factory-floor techs know the chemical’s properties from experience, not just a data sheet.

Open sourcing this knowledge helps everyone. Schools, small businesses, and even hobby greenhouses can raise the bar by digging into why Na2CO3 acts the way it does. Grasping the basics leads to fewer mistakes, smarter buying decisions, and less waste. Simple familiarity with one formula opens doors to safer, more effective work.

How should Soda Ash Dense be stored?

Paying Attention to a Common Chemical

Soda ash dense shows up in glass making, detergents, and water treatment plants across the map. At a glance, it looks like any white granule—a bit like table salt, only grittier. People handle tons of it daily on factory floors. Many see it as low-risk, but that thinking quickly changes after the first spoiled batch or the first sticky spill. Mishandling this chemical turns routine work into a clean-up headache or worse, a safety issue.

Why Dryness Matters

Plenty of folks underestimate the havoc a little moisture brings. I’ve seen an entire half-ton bag turn into a hardened clump just from a leak in the roof. Soda ash dense grabs moisture from the air fast. Caking ruins its flow through hoppers and makes weighing nearly impossible. More than once, clogging in a feed system has halted production lines where I worked. Moisture creates clumps, and these clumps never behave the same way as dry granules do.

The best defense? Keep storage areas dry. Store soda ash in sealed containers or bins. Even a thin plastic liner can make a big difference. Bags should stay off the ground, stacked on pallets with a tarp overhead—even a little water on the floor can wick up and create problems.

Ventilation and Dust Control

People sometimes walk past an open container and don’t worry about dust, but after a couple of hours in a poorly ventilated room, it gets in the air and becomes a problem. Soda ash dust irritates eyes, nose, and throat. Safety teams I’ve worked with always said to invest in a good ventilation system and keep bags closed. Respirators or at least a mask reduce risk for anyone handling loose product.

Good storage areas use extraction fans or air scrubbers. Walls and floors should be swept regularly to keep fine granules from spreading, especially where forklifts drive by and kick up particles. Proper labeling helps too. Never store soda ash near acids—a spill near acid can give off carbon dioxide gas, which brings its own hazards.

Shelf Life Isn’t Forever

Soda ash doesn’t go “bad” overnight, but quality drops after long exposure to air. Over time, the product picks up moisture or contaminants if packaging rips or if containers go unsealed. I remember an old storeroom where bags of soda ash sat for six months. By the end of that time, workers opened them to find gritty, lumpy blocks that took hours just to dissolve or crush. Using “first in, first out” for stock rotation saves time and avoids wasted product.

Solutions That Work

Every plant has different storage setups but some basics always work. Use stackable sealed drums or heavy-duty bags that stand up to rough handling. Check warehouse temperature and humidity with a simple meter—it keeps surprises away. Get workers trained on how to handle spills and how to spot leaks early. These steps don’t need huge investments but protect people and keep costly losses off the books. Nobody likes to pitch half a pallet because the wrong storage method turned a valuable product into a half-solid mass.

Sensible Storage, Fewer Surprises

Soda ash dense isn’t a chemical that inspires headlines, but it repays care with smooth operations and lower risks. Simple precautions make storage straightforward, protect workers, and keep quality high. That’s something every industry benefits from—whether running a massive glass plant or just maintaining a community pool.

What industries use Soda Ash Dense?

From Glass to Detergents: Soda Ash Gets Around

My earliest brush with soda ash came from a glass factory, where endless piles of this white powder never failed to surprise. Glassmakers lean heavily on soda ash dense, not just as a filler but as a base raw material. Melting sand alone produces a tough, cloudy product. Add soda ash dense, and you get that clear, glossy glass in your windowpane, car windshield, or water glass at dinner. Hard to ignore this stuff’s value — more than half the world’s soda ash output lands in glass plants, shaping everything from skyscraper panels to baby food jars.

Water Treatment: More Than a Minor Ingredient

Most folks turn on their tap and expect water to flow clean and safe, with hardly a thought for what goes into making it drinkable. Municipal water engineers have taught me the value of soda ash dense. Hard water ruins pipes and shortens appliance lifespans. A scoop of soda ash dense lifts the pH, softens the water, and keeps the city’s plumbing healthy. Towns large and small pour it into treatment tanks every day, sending softened, balanced water to millions of kitchens.

Detergent Industry: Cleaning Up, Thanks to Chemistry

Laundry powders depend on chemistry that boosts cleaning and rinsing. In detergent plants, soda ash dense steps up not just as a builder, but as a cost-cutter. It improves how active cleaning ingredients work and helps avoid hard water stains. Rather than selling formulas loaded with expensive surfactants, manufacturers blend soda ash dense for sturdier, more affordable powders. This behind-the-scenes role lets detergent factories supply clean clothes for all income levels.

Pulp and Paper: Keeping Production Running Smoothly

Paper mills sometimes turn foul. The pulping process eats up acids but needs a steady pushback from alkaline agents. Soda ash dense keeps the pH right for letting wood fibers separate and whiten without tearing up equipment. Mills that live in forested corners don’t always grab headlines, but without soda ash dense, the newspaper, tissue, or cardboard in your hand would cost more and look a lot duller.

Mining and Metallurgy: Extracting Value, Boosting Yields

Extracting copper or refining uranium can grind to a halt if clay and acid build up. Speaking to metallurgists, one lesson stands out: soda ash dense creates the chemical conditions to pull metals from ore with less fuss and waste. It protects expensive gear from corrosion and squeezes out higher yields. That translates into lower production costs and fewer environmental headaches over time.

Looking for Sustainable Sources

China, the United States, and Turkey ship mountains of soda ash dense each year, often mined from trona or made with energy-heavy chemical methods. Environmental concerns keep growing — every ton dredged or synthesized comes with a carbon and water price tag. Cleaner processes and recycling efforts have started to change this picture: some projects now return waste soda ash from glass plants back into circulation. Boosting efficiency, finding smarter extraction, and improving recycling offer ways to keep soda ash dense cheap, widely available, and less of a burden on the planet.

Soda Ash Dense
Soda Ash Dense
Names
Preferred IUPAC name sodium carbonate
Other names Dense Soda Ash
Sodium Carbonate Dense
Na2CO3 Dense
Dense Ash
Pronunciation /ˈsəʊdə æʃ dɛns/
Preferred IUPAC name sodium carbonate
Other names Dense Soda Ash
Dense Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Carbonate Dense
Na2CO3 Dense
Heavy Soda Ash
Pronunciation /ˈsəʊdə æʃ dɛns/
Identifiers
CAS Number 497-19-8
3D model (JSmol) `C[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O`
Beilstein Reference 1207930
ChEBI CHEBI:29377
ChEMBL CHEMBL1201732
ChemSpider 5329
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 03b49b6c-bb94-4bbe-ab6d-46e842b61236
EC Number 207-838-8
Gmelin Reference 53576
KEGG C01035
MeSH D06.437.385.773.571.800
PubChem CID 10339
RTECS number VZ4050000
UNII 49LU2HRT73
UN number UN3077
CAS Number 497-19-8
Beilstein Reference 1713883
ChEBI CHEBI:29377
ChEMBL CHEMBL1201733
ChemSpider 6587
ECHA InfoCard 01b1f96a-cfcd-488e-b88b-6b8f1f9c43e4
EC Number 207-838-8
Gmelin Reference Gmelin Reference: 14118
KEGG C00094
MeSH D002248
PubChem CID 107651
RTECS number **VZ4050000**
UNII 6UYK2W662E
UN number UN1823
Properties
Chemical formula Na2CO3
Molar mass 105.99 g/mol
Appearance White, odorless, granular or powder solid
Odor Odorless
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Solubility in water Moderately soluble in water
log P 3.2
Vapor pressure Negligible
Acidity (pKa) 11.6
Basicity (pKb) pKb: 3.67
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) Diamagnetic (-0.72 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol)
Refractive index (nD) 1.378
Dipole moment 0 Debye
Chemical formula Na2CO3
Molar mass 105.99 g/mol
Appearance White, odorless, granular powder
Odor Odorless
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Solubility in water soluble
log P 9.4
Vapor pressure Negligible
Acidity (pKa) 11.6
Basicity (pKb) 11.62
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) Diamagnetic (-0.72 × 10⁻⁶ cgs units)
Refractive index (nD) 1.530
Dipole moment 0 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 197.85 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -1131 kJ/mol
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 197.8 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -1130 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -1131 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code V03AB37
ATC code V03AB32
Hazards
Main hazards Irritating to eyes and respiratory system
GHS labelling GHS07, Warning, Causes serious eye irritation
Pictograms GHS07, GHS08
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary statements P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 (Oral, Rat): 4090 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (oral, rat): 4090 mg/kg
NIOSH WT4890000
PEL (Permissible) PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for Soda Ash Dense: "15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
REL (Recommended) 0.5 mg/m³
Main hazards May cause respiratory irritation, causes serious eye irritation.
GHS labelling GHS07, Warning, Causes serious eye irritation.
Pictograms GHS07,GHS08
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary statements P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-0-2
Explosive limits Not explosive.
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 (oral, rat): 4090 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (oral, rat): 4090 mg/kg
NIOSH SB9525000
PEL (Permissible) 10 mg/m3
REL (Recommended) 0.5-1.0 mg/m³
Related compounds
Related compounds Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium carbonate light
Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)
Sodium sulfate
Soda ash light
Trona
Sodium chloride
Potassium carbonate
Related compounds Sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium hydroxide
Calcium carbonate
Potassium carbonate