Magnesium Chloride Flake: A Deep Dive into Its World
Historical Development
Digging through the history of magnesium chloride flake takes us back before modern chemistry labs started dominating production. This substance first caught attention when scientists discovered it in sea water, salt lakes, and ancient seabed deposits. In centuries past, the focus rested on table salt and potassium, leaving magnesium chloride as a byproduct, often discarded or overlooked. Over time, its real potential emerged, driven by lower production costs, better purification techniques, and a sharper eye for the benefits magnesium compounds could offer. By the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the material transformed from a forgotten residue into an essential industrial and agricultural tool. The shift stemmed from people noticing its positive effects on soil and road management, followed by its entry into chemical manufacturing. As industries took off, they wove magnesium chloride into everything from textiles to dust control, marking a steady climb from neglected salt to essential chemical.
Product Overview
Magnesium chloride flake looks pretty unremarkable at first—white to greyish, sometimes picking up moisture from the air and turning slick to the touch. This stuff makes its mark through its ability to pull in water, dissolve quickly, and deliver magnesium ions with ease. Folks buy it by the sack or ton, usually packed so that it stays dry and doesn’t cake together. I’ve watched road maintenance crews, greenhouse operators, and municipal workers all treating this supply as a straight-up staple, processing it into brines or spreading it directly over surfaces where it needs to work fast and hold steady against the elements.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Magnesium chloride flake comes with a low melting point—around 714 °C—and sits nicely water-soluble, which means it starts working without much fuss. It melts snow and ice on contact, binding to moisture better than regular salts. Its chemical formula, MgCl₂·6H₂O, hides a structure that’s loaded with water molecules, making it especially good at controlling dust and keeping road surfaces damp. In concentrated form, it tastes sharply bitter, a trait shared with many magnesium salts, so it’s never confused with less reactive compounds like table salt or baking soda. Because magnesium chloride draws moisture quickly, storage always needs extra care or it will clump and harden. Its easy reaction with water forms a brine that stands up to cold temperatures better than sodium chloride, giving road crews an edge during winter storms.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Most suppliers pin down specifications around purity—usually above 98%—and a tightly controlled magnesium content, alongside precise water percentages for hexahydrate forms. Labels on the sacks typically spell out CAS numbers, recommended storage conditions, and allowable residual impurities, like calcium or potassium. End-users want certificates that detail these specs because they matter a lot in horticulture, pharmaceuticals, and industrial processing. Packaging needs to be leak-proof and labeled with the manufacturer’s name, batch number, production date, and shelf life. In regulated sectors, companies back up their shipments with test reports verifying that the product won’t bring unwanted contaminants or off-spec minerals.
Preparation Method
Producers mostly start with brine—either pumped up from underground salt deposits or drawn from evaporating sea water lakes—then purify and concentrate the solution. The process strips away calcium, sulfates, and other salts by selectively adding reagents or using membrane separation. Boiling down the purified brine forms crystals, which are then dried at controlled temperatures to keep the flake shape and high solubility. Sometimes, synthetic magnesium chloride forms by neutralizing magnesium hydroxide or oxide with hydrochloric acid, especially when high purity or pharmaceutical grade is in demand. The big hurdle always remains: keeping the flakes from absorbing so much moisture that they melt down or turn solid in storage.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Magnesium chloride reacts energetically with water, splitting apart into magnesium and chloride ions. When heated above its melting point, it breaks down, releasing hydrogen chloride gas and leaving behind magnesium oxide—this becomes critical in magnesium metal production, where the flake acts as a precursor. In less extreme settings, mixing with lime or soda causes double decomposition, meaning the magnesium drops out as a solid, freeing up new uses for purification and softening of water. Chemists sometimes tweak magnesium chloride solutions to tailor their performance, adding inhibitors, flow agents, or anti-caking mixes, aiming for better efficiency in field applications or industrial reactors.
Synonyms & Product Names
People in technical fields know magnesium chloride flake as E511 (in food processing), mag chloride, bischofite when mined from ancient deposits, or “hexahydrate” when they mean the version used for de-icing and dust control. Companies brand their product lines with creative names, but the chemical identity stays true: MgCl₂·6H₂O. In agriculture, some call it “magnesium fertilizer,” referencing its welcome boost to soils low in magnesium. European markets, especially those dealing with snow and ice, often shorten it to “MgCl” on shipment bills and safety sheets.
Safety & Operational Standards
Anyone loading or handling magnesium chloride flake quickly learns that it irritates skin and eyes, especially if you’ve got a cut or abrasion. The bitter taste serves as an extra warning signal that keeps most hands away from casual snacking. Worker safety rules call for gloves, goggles, and tight-fitting dust masks during transfer or mixing, since powdery residue can float in the air. Leaks and spills should get swept up, not hosed away, because runoff can kill plants and pollute water. Storage standards recommend sealed containers and dry, ventilated environments to keep out moisture and limit product degradation. Companies usually follow material safety data sheets (MSDS) that spell out how to react to accidental exposure, environmental releases, and proper disposal. Regulations govern industrial discharges, so wastewater engineers keep a close eye on chloride levels headed out to streams or treatment plants.
Application Area
You find magnesium chloride flake put to work in winter road management, dust control for unpaved surfaces, fertilizer blends, animal feed supplements, textile dyeing, fireproofing lumber, and even as a coagulant in tofu production. Road crews appreciate its staying power: the compound clings to surfaces and reacts at lower temperatures than rock salt, making roads safer during cold snaps. Greenhouse operators use it to correct magnesium deficiencies in soils, which translates to healthier crops and better harvest yields. Logistics companies sprinkle it in warehouses to keep dust down, while fire inspectors find a use in treating wood for construction, improving resistance to flame spread. Livestock diets sometimes get a magnesium bump with feed blends that contain precise doses of flake—the practice supports bone health and reproductive cycles in dairy herds and poultry. Every one of these roles ties back to its basic traits: fast solubility, reliable magnesium release, and ease of application without specialized tools.
Research & Development
Over the past few decades, laboratories have searched out smarter ways to synthesize, modify, and use magnesium chloride. Researchers compare its roadway performance to calcium chloride and sodium-based salts under real and lab conditions, focusing on corrosion effects, brine longevity, and environmental persistence. The search continues for additives that lower its corrosiveness to metals, because while magnesium chloride beats rock salt for some jobs, vehicle undercarriages still suffer if left unprotected. Science teams also investigate its role in geological "stabilization" projects—locking sandy soils or deteriorated roadbeds in place using tailored mixtures. Innovations in purification and drying matter for industries needing food or pharmaceutical grade flakes: higher purity often brings premium prices but opens new doors in specialty products.
Toxicity Research
Most toxicity warnings around magnesium chloride revolve around excessive intake or runaway contamination. In moderate, controlled doses, the compound rarely causes trouble—magnesium is a vital nutrient and chloride passes through the body with little drama. Problems rise when runoff delivers concentrated brines to freshwater streams or agricultural plots, stressing local plant life and pushing up soil salinity. Some studies point to chronic high exposures as a risk for soil microbiomes and aquatic organisms, but compared to more persistent or toxic salts, magnesium chloride gets a relatively clean bill if managed well. Human health research shows that skin irritation and gastrointestinal distress count as the main complaints from mishandling or accidental ingestion, so workplace training, clear labeling, and first-aid knowhow form the foundation of safety.
Future Prospects
Magnesium chloride flake stands at the crossing of climate adaptation, sustainability, and cost control. Engineers and chemists see room to re-engineer flake forms for better resistance to atmospheric moisture, potentially extending shelf life and reducing caking. Biodegradable anti-corrosive coatings—both for road spreads and packaging—look promising as more stakeholders pressure companies to limit environmental damage. The move toward safer, plant-friendly fertilizers continues as more farmers pay attention to balanced magnesium delivery and better disease resistance in crops. On the energy front, magnesium chloride’s role as a precursor for lightweight metal alloys feeds into electric vehicle infrastructure and aerospace design, areas hungry for strong yet light materials. The push for better recycling and brine recovery technologies in desalination and mining points to a growing circle of uses, with fewer byproducts and less waste. As frontline workers and lab technicians share field experience and research results, improvements in purity, handling, and application will keep evolving, stretching the reach of this once-forgotten chemical into new territory.
De-icing and Dust Control: Keeping Roads and Air Clear
Standing at the edge of a snowstorm, watching crews spread Magnesium Chloride Flake over icy roads, you realize how much smoother travel feels once it goes down. Compared to rock salt, these flakes work at lower temperatures and help keep roads safer for drivers on winter mornings. The flakes pull moisture out of the air and form a brine that melts ice fast. For anyone who’s slipped on black ice or spent hours shoveling, that simple chemical reaction spells real relief.
On dry gravel roads in the heartland or mining sites tucked away in remote valleys, the flakes get dropped and sprayed to pin down dust. Dust in your nose, dust in your lungs, dust on air filters—it all adds up to bigger maintenance costs, poor breathing, and less comfort for folks living downwind or working outside. Magnesium Chloride Flake works almost like a tireless custodian, holding moisture and stopping tiny particles from blowing up in huge clouds. Years of studies have shown less particulate pollution on roads treated with it, and many communities pick it to protect public health.
Helping Concrete and Construction Work Shine
Not so long ago, my uncle—who builds retaining walls for a living—started mixing Magnesium Chloride Flake in his mortar mixes during cold spells. Concrete cures poorly in freezing weather, but this stuff lowers the freezing point of water and helps cement set strong even when the wind bites hard. Contractors spread it on worksites as an accelerator, letting them keep jobs moving in late fall and early spring. Every day spent waiting on weather means a paycheck delayed. This chemical keeps projects on track, which matters to small business owners trying to keep workers paid.
Besides speeding up curing, it has a hand in dust suppression during demolition and hauling. Big construction equipment stirs up dirt, and that same moisture-trapping ability cuts down on clouds and improves working conditions. Less dust means fewer complaints from neighbors and happier job inspectors.
Water Treatment and Agriculture: Cleaner Drops and Healthier Fields
In water treatment, Magnesium Chloride Flake stands out as a reliable tool in softening and clarifying water. It binds to unwanted particles, making it possible to skim or filter them out more easily. Townships treating water for thousands or farmers using wells can reduce the burden of mineral buildup and cut down on scaling in pipes and irrigation systems. In my own vegetable patch, hard water once left scaly residue on drip lines and hurt seedling growth. Switching to softer water with less scaling made a visible difference.
In agriculture, these flakes play a part in boosting crop yield and animal health. Crops like tomatoes and potatoes often suffer magnesium shortage in certain soils. Adding Magnesium Chloride flake as a supplement helps restore balance, which matters if you’re chasing better yields or healthier produce. Livestock farmers also mix it into cattle and sheep feed to support nerve and muscle health. Reports from agricultural extensions show that well-managed magnesium supplementation cuts down on metabolic problems in dairy herds.
Industrial Processing and Fireproofing
On the industrial side, Magnesium Chloride Flake strengthens paper, textiles, and even fire-resistant building panels. Manufacturers soak fibers or board stock in it, and the finished product resists burning much longer than untreated material. People working in pulp mills and factories trust it as a core ingredient in safety products that protect both workers and end-users.
Its chemical stability and relatively low toxicity mean workers can handle it with sensible safety gear and a clean conscience. Whether it’s making fire-resistant wallboard or stabilizing dust at a festival ground, Magnesium Chloride Flake quietly keeps things safer and cleaner around us. Its value shows up in many corners of daily life, even if most folks rarely notice its presence.
What is Magnesium Chloride Flake?
Magnesium chloride flake, often found in bags at hardware stores for de-icing or as an ingredient in health supplements, stirs up questions about its safety. People encounter it in everything from bath salts to bottled supplements, and sometimes even in processed foods. The stuff’s not just in factories and road grit—it winds up in our homes and on our skin.
Direct Human Contact
A lot of people use magnesium chloride flakes in bathwater, hoping to ease sore muscles or boost skin health. That approach comes from real experience—soaking in these baths softens skin and brings a relaxing effect, something spa-goers swear by. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, topical use of magnesium salts, including magnesium chloride, rarely triggers skin reactions in healthy people. Though, folks with sensitive skin or eczema have reported stinging or redness.
After handling these flakes, if I forget to rinse my hands, I notice a dry, chalky feeling. It doesn’t burn, but it highlights how salts can draw moisture from the skin. This absorption is partly why some athletes use magnesium oil sprays on sore muscles. Scientific reviews, like those published in Magnesium Research, point out that topical magnesium poses minimal harm unless someone already has broken or irritated skin.
Eating or Drinking Magnesium Chloride
Food-grade magnesium chloride ends up in a few surprising places. It keeps tofu firm and stable, and some brands of bottled water add it for taste and mineral content. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lists magnesium chloride as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) for use in foods and supplements. The human body handles magnesium well, flushing out extra amounts through the kidneys. Supplemental magnesium chloride absorbs efficiently, so it’s a preferred choice for people who need a boost.
Problems start with overuse. Large doses, just like any salt, can upset the stomach—think diarrhea or cramps. Health sources recommend limiting magnesium supplements to the recommended daily allowance, which sits at about 320 mg for women and 420 mg for men, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). People with kidney disease face extra risk, since their bodies can’t clear out excess magnesium. High levels could slow the heartbeat or, in rare cases, lead to more dangerous heart problems.
Industrial vs. Food-Grade Products
Hardware stores usually stock industrial-grade magnesium chloride. While it looks similar, this type may carry more impurities—sometimes enough to make it unsafe for people or pets. Food-grade or pharmaceutical-grade versions get extra purification, which cuts out heavy metals or contaminants. Reading the label makes all the difference.
Once I picked up a bulk bag from a lawn store for my bath without checking the label. Later, after researching, I found out that industrial versions might contain small bits of lead or arsenic—not something I wanted to soak in, although small exposures won’t immediately lead to harm. Lesson learned: always check purity, and stick with products labeled for human use.
What Makes Use Safe?
Safe use depends on the source—buying certified food-grade products for supplements or baths clears up a lot of safety worries. Sticking to recommended dosages and patch testing on skin gives peace of mind. People with kidney trouble or chronic conditions should ask a doctor before using magnesium supplements or bath products. Most people can handle small exposures, but that doesn’t excuse ignoring quality or recommended limits. Following this advice promotes safe, beneficial use for the long run.
Moisture: The Real Enemy
If you’ve ever walked into a storeroom where bags of magnesium chloride flake sat open for a few days, you know what happens: heavy air, cakey clumps, and practically useless material. Magnesium chloride flake draws in water fast. Not just a little humidity, but any hint of moisture creeps in and you’ll see a mess before long. Folks sometimes shrug this off, but ruined product hits the bottom line and throws a wrench in daily operations. In my experience, storing these flakes in a dry place, preferably with a roof overhead and off the concrete, saves more headaches than anyone expects.
Avoiding Contamination Pays Off
Bags split, dust blows, people track junk in from the yard. The next thing you know, what’s supposed to help a process just gums it up. I’ve seen folks try to cut corners, thinking they’ll just shovel the top layer off later. It never works out that way. Magnesium chloride can pick up debris quickly and even reacts with certain metals. Sealed containers, away from regular foot traffic and anything rusty or oily, keep the flakes in good condition.
Straightforward Safety: Don’t Overcomplicate It
Some people overthink hazard protocols, while others treat the stuff like table salt. Neither approach works. Magnesium chloride flake won’t explode or turn your skin to jelly, but dust can bother your nose and eyes. Simple gloves, dust masks, and eye protection go a long way. I learned early on: always sweep up spills right away, especially in wet weather, to avoid slips and keep the flake from melting into a slimy mess underfoot. Training everyone who comes close to the material reduces both injuries and wasted product.
Why Packaging Quality Matters
You get what you pay for in packaging. Cheap bags tear too easily, lose their seal, and let in humidity. Pallets wrapped in good plastic, or drums with tight-fitting lids, hold up better across months of use. I’ve used both, and pallets stacked in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse have served me best, especially for large operations. Small volumes benefit from heavy-duty tubs, stored off the ground to keep pests and water out. Spending a few extra dollars here stops losses that add up quickly.
Short-Term vs. Long-Term Storage
Short-term storage, say a couple of weeks, takes less fuss. Keep things dry, move quickly, rotate stock. For longer stints—six months or more—I always check for leaks or condensation, especially during rainy seasons. Keeping stacks spaced apart allows air to flow, which feels basic but makes a huge difference over time. Never ignore what the packaging looks like; damaged bags or cracked tubs often hide spoiled material inside.
Troubleshooting Real-World Problems
Magnesium chloride flake doesn’t forgive mistakes. Once wet or dirty, it’s finished. Most problems I’ve seen come from ignoring basics: humidity control, clean tools, careful handling. If product keeps going bad, it pays to look first at the roof, walls, and floor drains. A regular sweep for leaks or pooling water has saved more of my inventory than any fancy tech solution. I’ve also seen some operations install cheap dehumidifiers in closed storage—one small unit can protect tens of thousands of dollars in material, far cheaper than writing off ruined stock.
Staying Proactive
Whether used for ice control, dust suppression, or industrial processes, magnesium chloride flake rewards steady routines more than anything flashy. Investing time in proper storage and simple protective gear doesn’t just check boxes; it keeps workers safe, budgets balanced, and materials ready for action whenever needed. Once these habits become routine, magnesium chloride flake becomes less of a risk and more of an asset.
Why Dosage Matters
Magnesium chloride flakes get a lot of attention for their usefulness in dust control, ice melting, and even agriculture. Many folks working in maintenance or landscaping have run into the confusion of how much to actually spread or spray. Using too much wastes money and may harm the environment. Using too little, and the job just doesn’t get done. After years of working alongside crews fighting winter ice and summer dust, I’ve seen just how easy it is to get tripped up on the right amount.
Road De-Icing: Stopping Slippery Spots
For road and parking lot de-icing, manufacturers usually recommend 100 to 200 grams per square meter, or roughly 20 to 40 pounds per 1,000 square feet. That might sound like a lot, but in a real winter storm, skimping leaves you with slick patches. On those frigid midwestern mornings, I’ve watched municipal workers cut corners to save on product, only for the snow to re-freeze into treacherous black ice. Too much also isn’t great—it can seep into groundwater and damage plant roots near walkways. The sweet spot keeps pavement safe and limits environmental impact.
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads
Anyone living near gravel or dirt roads knows the clouds of dust that come with every passing car. A typical application calls for spreading 18 to 30 grams per square meter, about 3 to 6 pounds per 1,000 square feet. After spreading, applying water helps the flakes dissolve and soak in. Some townships go for a heavier hand at the start of the dry season, then back off as the roadbeds begin to hold moisture better. Keeping records of each application has shown the crews I’ve worked with how much they really save by not over-applying. Less waste, cleaner air for the neighbors, fewer complaints flooding the office.
Agricultural and Horticultural Uses
Magnesium plays a real role in photosynthesis and soil balancing. Gardeners sometimes sprinkle light amounts, around 20 to 50 grams per square meter, roughly 4 to 10 pounds per 1,000 square feet, either as a top dressing or mixed in with irrigation. Farmers watch for signs in their crops—yellowing leaves, stunted growth—before adding anything extra. On the small organic operation I worked for, we tested soil every year and only added magnesium chloride when needed. Blindly tossing it on could burn root systems or throw off the balance of other nutrients. Soil tests deliver clear answers; guesswork rarely pays off.
Safety and Solutions
People working with magnesium chloride should always look out for gloves and eye protection. The flakes irritate skin or eyes, much like table salt. Storing it in a dry, sealed container prevents clumping. I've seen plenty of wasted product from moisture getting into open bags; investing in proper storage pays off over time.
For anyone unsure about the best rate, starting at the lower end of the recommended range keeps costs down and lets results do the talking. Checking with local ag extension offices or road authorities gives solid guidance for specific climates or regulations. Bringing science and common sense together leads to successful, safe application—and fewer headaches down the road.
Why Magnesium Chloride Flake Matters in Winter and Beyond
People searching for better and safer ways to keep roads open during icy weather often run into Magnesium Chloride Flake. This chemical often gets overlooked, especially compared to its cousin, rock salt. My own experience on Midwest roads has shown the difference between chunky salt that bounces into the weeds and well-applied flakes that stick around long enough to actually work. Folks driving to work or school want to trust that de-icers get the job done without doing a number on their cars and the nearby grass.
Performance in Real Winter
Magnesium Chloride Flake works at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. That matters when you hit those stretches of the year where the thermometer dips below fifteen degrees Fahrenheit. I’ve seen cities in Colorado use these flakes on sidewalks and roads, and the results speak for themselves: less residual ice and fewer tire spins at intersections. It draws moisture from the air, speeding up the melting process instead of waiting for the sun. For drivers and pedestrians, this means less slipping and skidding.
Some studies show that Magnesium Chloride Flake starts working even when it's way below freezing. It forms a brine fast enough to give plows and shovels more impact. That makes a big difference for early morning commuters who face risks before the sun comes up.
Roadside Safety and Impact
Concerns pop up about corrosion. From what I’ve seen and what local transportation folks say, Magnesium Chloride Flake has less of a reputation for eating away at undercarriages than old-fashioned salt. Vehicle repair shops in cold climates still deal with rust, but the stories about bolts fused together by salt damage are less frequent where magnesium chloride gets used.
People also ask if it's better for the environment. Research out of Montana and several municipal reports point out that, while all de-icers have some impact, this product tends to be less harsh on plants lining the street. Less plant death and less soil turn-over means fewer repair costs for cities in the spring.
Dust Control on Rural Roads
Dust clinging to rural gravel roads creates headaches for farmers and anyone who lives near them. Magnesium Chloride Flake acts like a sponge: it grabs moisture and keeps dust down. I have noticed the difference during summer in the Midwest—long stretches of gravel don't shoot up blinds of dust behind every passing pickup. Fewer complaints, cleaner window sills, and less respiratory irritation for kids playing outside count as victories. This solution proves cost-effective for cash-strapped townships looking for something sustainable over months, not just weeks.
Using too much can make roads feel slimy, especially after a strong rain. Speaking to highway supervisors, they often say careful calibration avoids over-applying the flakes. Getting the level right helps hold down dust without turning driveways into slip-and-slides.
Making the Most of Magnesium Chloride Flake
Public works departments and residents benefit most by treating Magnesium Chloride Flake like a tool for specific problems, not an all-purpose fix. It excels in places with regular cold snaps and busy gravel roads. As more states and counties look for ways to manage winter budgets and protect local waterways, this chemical often shows up as a solid choice. Its lower environmental impact and track record—backed by winter driving data and local observations—put it in the toolkit for anyone tackling icy streets or dusty lanes.

| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Magnesium dichloride |
| Other names |
Magnesium dichloride
Bischofite E511 Magnesium chloride hexahydrate |
| Pronunciation | /mæɡˈniːziəm ˈklɔːraɪd fleɪk/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | magnesium dichloride |
| Other names |
Magnesium dichloride
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate Bischofite E511 |
| Pronunciation | /maɡˈniːziəm ˈklɔːraɪd fleɪk/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 7786-30-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 13610 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:6636 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201201 |
| ChemSpider | 72838 |
| DrugBank | DB09407 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 28c4a2e5-f73e-4e16-a6e3-11397b36dab7 |
| EC Number | 200-104-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 7549 |
| KEGG | C01789 |
| MeSH | D019320 |
| PubChem CID | 5284359 |
| RTECS number | OM2800000 |
| UNII | F07YVY9UL7 |
| UN number | UN1814 |
| CAS Number | 7786-30-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 35804 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:6636 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1200777 |
| ChemSpider | 12008 |
| DrugBank | DB09476 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 11d4e6d2-4b39-4bd9-a6e7-53589dbfe3b2 |
| EC Number | 232-094-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1266 |
| KEGG | C01769 |
| MeSH | D008274 |
| PubChem CID | 24598 |
| RTECS number | OM2800000 |
| UNII | TU33U5UCU4 |
| UN number | UN1806 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | MgCl2 |
| Molar mass | 95.21 g/mol |
| Appearance | White flake |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.57 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | 167 g/100 mL at 20 °C |
| log P | -1.55 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.0 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.5 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic (-23.4 × 10⁻⁶ SI) |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.378 |
| Dipole moment | 9.0 D |
| Chemical formula | MgCl2 |
| Molar mass | 95.21 g/mol |
| Appearance | White flake |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.569 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | 167 g/100 mL (20 °C) |
| log P | -1.55 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | 8.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.8 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | −1.2×10⁻⁴ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.378 |
| Dipole moment | 10.3 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 89.4 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -801.0 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -801.0 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 89.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -641.8 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A12CC01 |
| ATC code | A12CC01 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS07, GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statements. |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-0-1 |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 Oral Rat 2800 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (oral, rat): 2800 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | SQ3325000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 50 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 50 mg/m³ |
| Main hazards | Irritating to eyes, skin and respiratory system. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS05 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | May cause eye irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-0-1-W |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 2800 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (oral, rat): 8100 mg/kg |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit): 10 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 50 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium oxide Calcium chloride Sodium chloride Potassium chloride |
| Related compounds |
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium oxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium chloride Potassium chloride |