Di-Benzoyl Peroxide: From Past Breakthroughs to Modern Industry
Historical Development
Di-Benzoyl Peroxide has traveled quite a path since chemists first isolated it in the mid-19th century. Back then, researchers focused on cracking open the secrets of peroxides, hoping for answers to challenges in both medicine and materials manufacturing. Early production struggled with purity and stability, creating safety headaches and limiting its reach. With the chemical industry’s expansion after World War II, the desire for higher-performance plastics and lighter manufacturing methods pushed investment in organic peroxides. Suppliers like Nouryon (formerly AkzoNobel), United Initiators, and Arkema tested different blends, producers fine-tuned formulations, and major breakthroughs brought stable grades to global markets. Research on product application and handling laid the foundation for today's rigorous processes, not only expanding production but also opening new application frontiers in consumer, medical, and industrial spaces.
Product Overview
Di-Benzoyl Peroxide—often called BPO—shows up most widely in grades such as Enox BW50, Enox BPO-50F, and Enox BPO-75W. Producers supply these compounds in powder, paste, or wet cake form, mostly stabilized with water or phthalate-based carriers to keep things safer and easier to handle. Buyers care most about BPO’s purity, the carrier system, and if particles will work well in a chosen process. For me, working alongside polymer technicians, that purity question always pops up: dirtier grades can gum up an extrusion, force scrapping batches, or worse, threaten safety. I’ve seen firsthand how good labeling and open technical sheets keep production lines and R&D labs running smoothly.
Physical and Chemical Properties
BPO brings real power with its ability to kickstart free-radical polymerizations. It breaks down under heat or rubbing, releasing free radicals at fairly mild temperatures—somewhere around 90°C degrees—so most folks use it as a catalyst in resin making, thermoplastics, and synthetic rubbers. BPO looks like a white, grainy, sometimes pasty or crumbly solid. It hardly mixes with water but works with organic solvents; acetone, chloroform, and some plasticizers create stable suspensions. Its strong oxidizing nature means BPO must be stored with care, often kept cold, dry, and apart from acids or reducing agents. I remember a summer in a Midwest plant where overheating during delivery ruined a shipment—several drums had to be discarded, causing headaches for scheduling and budgeting.
Technical Specifications and Labeling
Labels and specs matter because getting things wrong can mean the difference between a safe day and a dangerous one. Each package carries detailed hazard codes like GHS02 and GHS07, warning of flammability and irritant potential. Standard product sheets report assay values (usually greater than 75% for high-grade materials), moisture/water content, pH of the dispersant, and shelf life. Labels flag UN codes for shipping (UN 3108 for organic peroxides), and often detail “use by” dates, stabilizer composition, and physical form. Staff in shipping and handling get yearly recertification, which cuts down on accidents and helps keep insurance costs in check.
Preparation Method
Making BPO doesn’t call for fancy reactors, but getting consistent yields and purity can get tricky. Most modern production lines use benzoyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide, reacting under alkaline, low-temperature conditions. The process throws off benzoic acid as a side product, which has its own industrial uses in preservatives. Precise temperature control matters—the reaction can jump ahead too quickly, risking runaway heat and problematic byproducts. In late-stage steps, washes with brine and organic solvents help raise purity and kick out traces of acidic leftovers. Teams running these units monitor reaction heat gauges like hawks—sloppy controls can cause contamination or, even worse, accidental detonation.
Chemical Reactions and Modifications
BPO splits into benzoyloxy radicals, which can further fragment to phenyl and carbon dioxide under the right conditions. Freed radicals zip off to trigger polymerization of styrene, acrylates, and other monomers. Some labs modify BPO with phthalate plasticizers, creating soft pastes for safer handling. Other teams push into mixed peroxides, blending BPO with dilauroyl peroxide or tert-butyl peroxides, chasing specific cure rates or lower decomposition temperatures. Customizing the initiator plays a huge part in thermoset composites, which I’ve seen firsthand in aerospace fabrication where critical cures must happen at exact times.
Synonyms and Product Names
Besides official chemical names—benzoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide—manufacturers and distributors often brand products. Enox BW50, Enox BPO-50F, Enox BPO-75W all flag different strengths, carrier solvents, or formulation tweaks. Other labels might read “Peroxide C,” “Benzoperoxide,” or “Benzac,” the latter popular for topical pharmaceutical blends. Documentation sometimes confuses users, especially across languages and markets; regulatory harmonization efforts push for clearer harmonized unique identifiers nowadays.
Safety and Operational Standards
Everyone in the peroxide supply chain knows that BPO’s danger doesn’t take a day off. Thermal instability puts the burden on safe storage: cool, dry warehouses, smooth logistical handling, and regular drum rotation keep inventory fresh and workers safe. Safety data sheets warn of fire risk, skin and eye irritation, and acute inhalation toxicity. Fire marshals check how drums stack, and plant crews drill for accidental spill containment and rapid water deluge. Having worked alongside safety coordinators, I’ve seen audits dig into every checklist line—worn labels, expired containment foam, missing respirators—because all it takes is one slip to set off tragedy.
Application Area
Manufacturers use BPO more than anything as a polymerization initiator for unsaturated polyester resins—boats, surfboards, automotive panels. Dental labs mix it into acrylic prosthetics and denture base plates, balancing rapid cure with long pot life. The cosmetics sphere leans on BPO as an acne agent, leveraging its antibacterial punch in topical formulations. Some work continues in fiber-reinforced composites, where cure speed and product strength define manufacturing efficiency. I remember plant managers fighting downtime during auto-parts layup; curing issues linked back to peroxide age and storage, a reminder that one weak link in the chain slows down everyone from rooftop to shipping dock.
Research and Development
R&D teams continue to dig into alternative carriers and stabilizers, hoping for safer options and better shelf life. Some labs experiment with encapsulation—microencapsulated BPO grains boost handling safety and let processors fine-tune cure releases. Collaborative research—often between chemical suppliers, end-users, and safety agencies—drives innovation in both process and product. New studies track minor impurities that might spoil high-performance resins or contribute to batch inconsistencies. Experience tells me that the best breakthroughs often come straight from production staff: tweaks to batch feeds or blend speed suggested on the floor beat hypotheses modeled in distant offices.
Toxicity Research
Toxicologists have wrestled with BPO’s health profile for decades. Rodent studies show low-level carcinogenicity but at exposures far above public norms. In humans, main risks show up with skin irritation and chemical burns, especially after chronic or careless contact. The FDA limits topical BPO concentrations in acne treatments for this reason, while the European Union flags it as a category 2 skin sensitizer. Handlers in industrial settings use double-gloves, face shields, and positive-pressure suits when decanting or weighing out bulk powders. Airborne BPO remains a threat, leading to upgraded LEV (local exhaust ventilation) and regular air monitoring in most active plants. Worker health records—painstakingly kept—help spot emerging risks and spark better training.
Future Prospects
The pull for safer, greener chemicals has BPO suppliers under pressure. Emerging research explores bio-based oxidants and polymerization triggers that might one day take BPO’s place. Until then, incremental gains—encapsulation, smarter packaging, cleverer stabilizers—aim to trim risk and boost performance. Demand from composites, especially as transport and construction keep growing, likely ensures BPO stays essential in the short term. I listen to colleagues who say that the next real breakthroughs will blend digital tracking, robotics, and smarter chemistry: safer plants that never sacrifice output or worker health. Each new advance means real world changes, not just lab-scale wins, and in this business, that’s all anyone really asks for.
A Closer Look at Everyday Uses
Di-Benzoyl Peroxide — often found in forms like Enox Bw50, Enox Bpo-50F, or Enox Bpo-75W — shows up in more workplaces than most people guess. I've spent years in industrial safety and product research, often rubbing shoulders with engineers and plant operators who use this compound almost daily. For anyone knee-deep in plastics, resins, or pharmaceuticals, this material rarely feels exotic. It’s about as familiar as a wrench or a circuit breaker.
Driving the Polymer and Plastics Revolution
A lot of the strength and shape we ask from plastics comes from the curing process. Di-Benzoyl Peroxide kicks off polymerization in resins like unsaturated polyester and acrylic. It’s crucial for making car parts, boat hulls, bathtub linings, and even wind turbine blades. The stuff splits easily into reactive molecules known as free radicals, which start connections between polymer chains. Without that spark, resins stay tacky and products never harden right. Years ago, while visiting a composites shop, a safety manager pointed out just how unpredictable the results turned without the right initiator — and that meant lost money and wasted material.
Pharmaceuticals Rely on Its Oxidizing Touch
Benzoyl Peroxide doesn’t stop with plastics. In drug manufacturing, it cleans and modifies some raw materials. Dermatologists continue to reach for it when bringing relief to people struggling with acne, since the compound clears bacteria and dries oily skin fast. Its track record on skin complaints started in the 1960s and hasn’t faded — my teenage niece credits it as her only lifesaver during the worst breakouts, and she’s not alone. A quick scan through clinical studies shows benzoyl peroxide helping tens of millions of patients around the globe each year.
Safety Lessons Learned in Real Factories
Di-Benzoyl Peroxide needs strict handling, or the results get messy. Nearly every chemical plant has stories of mismanagement leading to fires or costly cleanups. It decomposes in the wrong conditions, giving off heat and even fueling explosions. As someone who’s reviewed incident reports, I can say most mishaps link straight back to lapses in training or skipping routine inspections.
Strong rules make a difference. Well-ventilated storerooms and airtight containers slow down unwanted reactions. Trained staff catch problems early, and safety data sheets bring everyone onto the same page. Chemical watchdogs and workplace insurance officers push hard for structured risk assessments, and over time, companies figure out compliance pays off far more than shortcuts ever could.
What Could Change for the Better
Environmental concerns keep rising. Manufacturing with Di-Benzoyl Peroxide leaves behind wastes that take a toll on water and soil if dumped carelessly. Some regions already demand take-back programs or tighter emission controls. Research groups focus on cleaner catalysts and break-down methods. I’ve worked with a few startups chasing better disposal options, and much of this effort still feels up in the air — but the pressure to do things cleaner isn’t letting up.
What stands out most after years in the field: industry needs both the old reliables and fresh thinking. Di-Benzoyl Peroxide will keep powering everything from plastic parts to acne creams, but using it responsibly means constantly pushing for smarter safety and greener processes.
Understanding Benzoyl Peroxide’s Sensitivities
Benzoyl peroxide pops up everywhere—acne medication, polymer production, flour bleaching. It’s powerful because it kicks off chemical reactions fast. But it’s also famously touchy about its surroundings. Stories from labs and warehouses show that storing it wrong can cause serious headaches, from spoiled product to outright danger.
Avoiding Trouble: Key Storage Conditions
Benzoyl peroxide grades need cool, dry, and well-ventilated settings. It does not take kindly to heat or humidity. Keeping the temperature below 30°C is a safe bet. That means steering clear of steam pipes, direct sunlight, even warm storage rooms. Some suppliers advise even lower limits—around 20°C, if you can swing it—to cut the risk of slow decomposition or loss in strength.
Moisture is another enemy. Benzoyl peroxide clumps up fast in a humid spot and can break down into compounds that you don’t want drifting around. My first job in a quality control lab hammered that lesson home. Someone left a drum open on a muggy day and ruined an entire batch—cost the company thousands and forced an emergency cleanup when that powder started getting sticky.
Container Choices: Keep it Secure
Original manufacturer containers matter. Benzoyl peroxide reacts with some metals, so plastic drums and lined fiber containers work best. After a spill, I once watched staff rush to scoop the product into a steel bin. Bad move: It started fizzing. Repackaging should only happen following supplier guidance, and always into approved containers.
Sealing is just as important. Lids need to fit tight. Exposure to air, even overnight, can start a slow-offgassing that isn’t obvious until containers get swelled or nasty odors creep into the storeroom.
Fire and Shock: Don’t Cut Corners
Anyone who’s dealt with oxidizers knows not to store them near fuels, acids, or organic solvents. Benzoyl peroxide won’t just catch fire, it can help feed an explosion if mixed the wrong way, even by accident. Static sparks from scooping powder out of a bin or stacking bags too roughly set off more incidents than most folks realize. Safety training isn’t optional with this stuff.
Install fire extinguishers rated for oxidizers, not just standard class A or B. Sprinklers reduce risk if something heats up by mistake. Labeling needs to be clear—big letters, hazard symbols—so nobody plops a bleach drum on top by mistake.
Follow Regulations, Not Just Recommendations
Legal standards set by agencies like OSHA, EPA, and local fire codes keep everyone on their toes. Some places cap how much you can store in one spot, and they enforce buffer zones within warehouses. Regulatory visits happen, and violations draw quick penalties. Take recommendations from chemical suppliers seriously and match them to what law demands.
In my experience, working with a good supplier makes all the difference. They’ll provide updated safety data sheets and storage instructions—not just generic advice, but details that fit the grade you've ordered. Compliance is everyone’s job, but it helps to have partners who keep up with best practices.
Risk Management: A Culture, Not a Checklist
Successful storage means building a routine. Staff monitor temperature and humidity daily. Sensors with alarms pay for themselves after one near-miss. Every employee who enters the room understands what’s inside and what can go wrong. Over time, this stops feeling like an extra chore. It becomes part of running a safe, reliable operation.
Cutting corners on benzoyl peroxide storage may never matter—until it suddenly does. Careful handling protects health, saves money, and supports a reputation for responsible chemistry.
Why Safety Isn’t Just a Label
Most of us see warning labels every day. They have a knack for blending into the background, like wallpaper in a familiar room. Still, there’s a reason for every exclamation point and every little skull-and-crossbones sticker. Unseen risks can turn routine tasks—mixing cleaning supplies, refilling the gas lawn mower, even coloring your hair—into big headaches if you skip common-sense steps.
Pooled Experience in a Busy World
Years spent juggling work, hobbies, and parenting made me appreciate safety instructions. One time, a neighbor splashed concentrated bleach on his arms—he skipped the gloves since he planned to “just be a minute.” His frustration later about stinging skin, and a scrambled trip to urgent care, stuck with me. It drove home a basic point: gloves aren’t just for people in hazmat suits.
Certain rules protect you even if they seem obvious. Wash hands after handling tough cleaning sprays. Open a window or turn on a fan if something smells strong or chemical. Carry gasoline in the proper red can, not leftover milk jugs. Sometimes laziness or tiredness tempts people to cut corners, but every cut corner opens the door to accidents.
Fact: Not Every Product Means the Same Risk
Let’s break it down. Some cleaners react together to make poisonous fumes. Mixing ammonia with bleach fills a room with a haze that can send you coughing all the way to the ER. Hair dye, laundry pods, super-glue—they all call for different levels of care, often spelled out in small print. Fact: In the U.S., accidental poisoning sends over 2 million people to the hospital each year. Kids top the list, but adults have plenty of mishaps too.
Home Habits Save Trouble
People like to think “that won’t happen to me.” All it takes is an unexpected phone call or a distracted moment. Lock chemicals away from young hands. Read the label while not distracted, even if you feel silly. Designate shelves, bins, or boxes so paint thinner doesn’t live next to juice bottles in the garage fridge. I once found a guest—thinking he grabbed sparkling water—nearly swigging pine oil out of a rinsed soda bottle. Brands change bottles, so new labels or stickers make all the difference.
Building Better Habits
Let’s be real. Nobody wants more rules, and nobody wants a fine for throwing batteries in the trash, even if the reason behind it seems abstract. Still, medical bills, sick pets, surprise chemical burns, and accidental fires all cost more. Some old habits—like pouring paint thinner into the drain—don’t make sense, and local towns have started posting drop-off days for those. Solutions don’t just rest on manufacturers. They help, but safe storage, attention to labels, and a working smoke detector all start at home.
Stronger Communities Through Shared Tips
Neighbors swap ideas all the time—how to avoid bug bites, best ways to store road salt, clever tricks with vinegar. Sharing simple safety routines can help keep an entire street out of trouble. If you learn about a hazardous shortcut, speak up. Real stories carry more weight than printed warnings. A five-minute conversation in a garden or hallway can save hours of regret. Safety isn’t fancy. It’s the daily care you bring to the simplest tools and products in your house.
Looking Past the Label—Why Peroxides Matter
Back in my manufacturing days, no one talked more about peroxide safety than those on the factory floor who actually had to use them. There’s a reason for that: Benzoyl peroxide isn’t just a nice lab reagent. It’s reactive, unpredictable with the wrong handling, and it brings real consequences if you choose the wrong version for the job. So when a supplier puts three options like Enox Bw50, Enox Bpo-50F, and Enox Bpo-75W in front of you, that’s not just marketing—it’s there to keep people and products safe.
What Sets Them Apart
Each of these products has its own niche. Enox Bw50 stands out for its bentonite base. If you walk into a compounding plant, someone is probably mixing powders by hand or paddle. That white powder handles rough mixing better, doesn’t clump if humidity creeps in, and holds together. The bentonite isn’t just filler: it helps prevent those surprise little fires that can start with a build-up of static or friction. This version typically works best in bulk applications or processes where handling bulk powder safely matters more than easy blending.
With Enox Bpo-50F, someone looking for a dust-free environment will notice the difference immediately. This product arrives as a free-flowing powder, generally on a phthalate-free or organic carrier. Factories running enclosed, automated lines where static is a worry often reach for this. No one wants a batch ruined by inconsistent peroxide distribution; the consistent flow from bag to hopper makes a difference. In my experience, regulatory shifts push companies to avoid phthalates, so using a phthalate-free blend like Bpo-50F puts a company on firmer footing—not just for today but for wherever regulations move next.
Enox Bpo-75W does things differently. The 75% content is a warning bell for anyone who hasn’t handled high-concentration peroxides before. It’s a wet cake, usually held in water for safer handling. If you need a faster, more aggressive cure—maybe for a thick, unsaturated polyester casting in a hot shop—this is your tool. Because of the water content, the risk of dust explosions drops, but drying it out or using it near certain catalysts? That calls for an extra layer of safety glasses and a solid risk assessment.
Quality and Regulatory Concerns
Quality assurance teams care about more than just the label. Europe’s REACH rules and the United States’ EPA oversight don’t joke around when it comes to peroxides. Certificates of analysis, transport documents, temperature logs—they all matter. These peroxides offer different compliance paths as well. Bentonite-based options generally fall under simpler hazardous transport classes, whereas aqueous suspensions like Bpo-75W give shippers a bit of breathing room because of the water content. That breathing room can disappear quickly during supply chain disruptions, especially in summer heat or long-distance shipping.
Matching the Product to the Need
Selecting the right version means thinking both about the chemistry and the people running the process. For small-batch jobs where consistency and safety come first, the Bpo-50F provides peace of mind. On massive runs prone to static or rough handling, Bw50’s bentonite backbone can prevent dust mishaps. High-load jobs where you need the extra kick, and you’ve got the training to handle wet powders safely, 75W makes sense.
Paths Toward Safer Workplaces
Investing in better training grows more crucial every year, especially as safer alternatives and phthalate-free carriers become standard. I’ve seen too many accidents come down to a lack of labeling or old training materials. Integrating real-time tracking for temperature and logistics can prevent spoilage and keep workers out of harm’s way. Companies doing the hard work—testing alternatives, transparent supply chain reporting, and locally tailored training—set themselves apart.
Quality Means Everything
Most folks expect the things they eat, take as medicine, or put on their skin to meet some pretty strict standards. Producers can’t cut corners. To get accepted for use in food, pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics, a product always faces tough scrutiny. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) acts as the backbone that supports quality and safety across these industries. These rules set by authorities like the FDA or the European Medicines Agency determine what makes or breaks a raw material or ingredient.
Purity Isn’t Just a Buzzword
Purity levels separate specialty products from regular ones. In pharmaceuticals, even tiny traces of heavy metals or unlisted compounds could threaten lives. Imagine a painkiller tainted with allergens, or antibiotics contaminated by solvent residues. That’s the risk pharmaceutical firms wrestle with every day. For the food world, purity carries its own weight. It’s not rare to see food recalls over the detection of trace contaminants or mislabeling of ingredients. Cosmetics tell a similar story. An unsafe preservative or a hidden allergen could easily spark a customer’s angry reaction, or even a lawsuit.
Testing and Traceability
A product only earns its spot on an ingredient list by clearing round after round of lab testing. Certificates of Analysis (COA) become as valuable as the product itself, giving buyers and regulators proof that batches meet all required specs. Traceability starts at the farm or mine and ends with the consumer. Companies track every batch, every lot, and every shipment, making sure nothing slips through the cracks. One bad shipment won’t just ding a company’s reputation – it can land them in court, or even out of business.
Regulations in the Real World
Government rules build a safety net around consumers. In the US, food additives need a “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) confirmation or pre-market approval. Pharmaceutical ingredients demand an even bigger pile of paperwork, requiring monographs from texts like the USP or EP. Cosmetic ingredients face bans, restrictions, and mandatory labeling for things like fragrance allergens. These rules don’t just sit on paper. They shape entire supply chains. Big and small suppliers alike get forced to trace sources, test batches, and often invest in upgrades that drive up costs.
Practical Solutions
Education and transparency work better than fear. Companies thrive by investing in science: better labs, real experts, and third-party audits. I’ve seen small firms blossom just by inviting customers to tour their labs or review their COA records. Building tight partnerships with ingredient suppliers keeps surprises to a minimum. Some have gone further with QR codes on packaging to let users scan and check batch-level quality data. No substitute exists for basics like clean facilities and honest labels.
For anyone curious about a product’s place in food, pharma, or cosmetics, the right questions matter: Has it cleared the toughest lab tests? Can the supplier show a full trace from raw material to finished lot? Does the documentation check out with regulations? In my own experience, chasing shortcuts only brings headaches and red tape. Patience, real testing, and transparency pay off, even if it drives up the up-front work. These habits protect both companies and consumers, keeping everyone safer in the process.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | dibenzoyl peroxide |
| Other names |
Benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide Peroxide, dibenzoyl Peroxan BP-Pulver Superox 40 Luperco Benzoperoxid Benzoyl superoxol Benzoylperoxid Benzoylperoxyde |
| Pronunciation | /daɪ-bɛnˈzɔɪl pəˈrɒk.saɪd iː-nɒks biː-dʌbəlˈjuː ˈfɪf.ti/ iː-nɒks biː-piː-oʊ ˈfɪf.ti ɛf/ iː-nɒks biː-piː-oʊ ˈsev.ən.ti faɪv ˈdʌbəl.juː/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | bis(benzoyl peroxide) |
| Other names |
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Benzoyl peroxide Peroxan BP-Pulver USP Benzoyl Peroxide Elperox BP |
| Pronunciation | /daɪˈbɛnzɔɪl pəˈrɒksaɪd iː.nɒks biː ˈdʌb.əl.juː ˈfɪf.tiː/ /iː.nɒks biː piː əʊ ˈfɪf.tiː ɛf/ /iː.nɒks biː piː əʊ ˈsɛv.ən.tiː faɪv dʌb.əl.juː/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 94-36-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1086960 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:53084 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1357 |
| ChemSpider | 8705 |
| DrugBank | DB00456 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03a0eaf7-2b02-45f3-88ad-ec52c4853260 |
| EC Number | 202-327-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 65113 |
| KEGG | C01242 |
| MeSH | D005805 |
| PubChem CID | 7186 |
| RTECS number | DM8575000 |
| UNII | H9Y679Y843 |
| UN number | 3108 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID4022783 |
| CAS Number | 94-36-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 825070 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:53003 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1417 |
| ChemSpider | 7633 |
| DrugBank | DB00548 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03dfd68d-c2c7-44c8-8c3f-772d4975449e |
| EC Number | 202-327-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 3858 |
| KEGG | C06745 |
| MeSH | D004398 |
| PubChem CID | 7187 |
| RTECS number | DM8575000 |
| UNII | 73NV0ITK5S |
| UN number | 3108 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C14H10O4 |
| Molar mass | 242.23 g/mol |
| Appearance | White, free-flowing powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.60 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 3.46 |
| Vapor pressure | <1 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | > 11.2 |
| Basicity (pKb) | > 7.3 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -6.8e-6 cm³/mol |
| Viscosity | Paste and stirable paste |
| Dipole moment | 0.00 D |
| Chemical formula | C14H10O4 |
| Molar mass | 242.23 g/mol |
| Appearance | White, Free Flowing Powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.59 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 3.71 |
| Vapor pressure | <0.1 Pa (20 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | >11.3 (H2O, 25 °C) |
| Basicity (pKb) | - |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -56.6×10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.500 |
| Dipole moment | 0 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -812.3 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -2846 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -834 kJ mol⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3226 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | D10AE01 |
| ATC code | D10AE01 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07, GHS05, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS02,GHS07,GHS05 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H241, H317, H319, H332 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P234, P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310, P411 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-4-2-~W |
| Flash point | > 80°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 80°C (176°F) |
| Explosive limits | 50 - 90 % |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat : > 5000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | 7710 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) |
| NIOSH | DDC20 |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL: 5 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 5 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 1500 mg/m3 |
| Main hazards | Organic peroxide; heating may cause a fire; harmful if swallowed; causes serious eye irritation; may cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS05, GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS02,GHS07,GHS05 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer. Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Causes skin irritation. May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P220, P234, P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-4-2-W |
| Flash point | > 80 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 80 °C (176 °F) |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (oral, rat): >5000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | 7710 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | DDQ72 |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for Di-Benzoyl Peroxide: 5 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.1 mg/m³ |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Peracetic acid
Benzoyl chloride Benzene Benzoic acid |
| Related compounds |
Peroxides
Benzoyl peroxide Dibenzoyl peroxide Lauroyl peroxide Cumene hydroperoxide Tert-butyl peroxybenzoate Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide |