Bis (2,4-Dichloro Benzoyl) Peroxide: An In-Depth Look
Historical Development
Stories about peroxides often start in dusty labs, with chemists chasing ways to make reactions tick. Back in the early twentieth century, the quest for cleaner, more controlled polymerization led researchers toward organic peroxides. Among those, bis (2,4-dichloro benzoyl) peroxide—shortened by some to Enox DCBCP—drew attention after the standard benzoyl peroxide versions started turning up weaknesses, especially under heat or heavy industrial load. Manufacturers and academic teams in Europe and Asia kept tweaking structures to boost stability, visibility, and performance. Over a few generations, folks in the plastics and coatings industries started to trust this molecule, not just for how it kicked off free radical reactions, but for its predictability on the factory floor.
Product Overview
Out of all the industrial peroxides, Bis (2,4-dichloro benzoyl) peroxide stands out. It looks like a fine, off-white to pale yellow powder, often pressed in damp or powdered mixes to make it safer to handle. It comes under trade names like Enox DCBCP but also FCL Peroxide and DCBP Initiator. In material plants, users appreciate how it kickstarts polymerization for specific resins where regular benzoyl peroxide starts to fall short or degrade too soon. It’s not a kitchen chemical or something you toss around casually; it’s favored in professional settings where teams expect consistency.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Roll a pinch of this chemical between your fingers (wearing gloves, of course), and you notice a slight graininess, and it might clump if exposed to moisture. The compound registers a melting point in the 98–103°C window and releases oxygen on heating. It doesn’t dissolve easily in water, but it fares better in acetone, chloroform, and certain oils. The biggest draw lies in its decomposing behavior: Controlled heating lets it break down precisely, flooding the system with active oxygen. That’s the muscle behind DCBP’s role as a polymerization initiator, and it’s the reason plant operators monitor storage temperature and keep it below 30°C to slow down unwanted breakdown.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
No one in chemical manufacturing takes labeling lightly after countless horror stories on accidental contact or improper storage. A standard barrel or drum containing DCBP shouts its UN code: 3108 (organic peroxide Type E, solid). Typical purity levels land upwards of 97%, with moisture percentages and stabilizer contents noted on every datasheet. As a packaged product, it usually includes stabilizers such as phthalate esters or mineral oils, tamping down the risk of runaway reactions during shipment. Each bag or drum sports hazard diamonds, and the SDS booklet cautions on everything from self-accelerating decomposition temperatures to dust inhalation risk, driving home the point that trained professionals, not hobbyists, should handle this material.
Preparation Method
The chemical itself doesn’t just spring out of a single pot; instead, manufacturers start with 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, react it to form the corresponding acid chloride, then coax the formation of the peroxide by introducing hydrogen peroxide in a controlled manner using alkaline media. It’s a staged, careful process because the last step unlocks a lot of reactive oxygen, so industrial plants use jacketed reactors, careful temperature controls, and in many cases, mineral oil diluents to keep everything damp and cool. Every gram gets filtered, dried, and blended with a stabilizer before shipping out, reducing the risk of friction or static setting off a reaction during packing or transit.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Enox DCBCP isn’t just a single-task tool. In free radical polymerizations, its breakdown under heat kicks off a cascade of reactive species, helping knit vinyl chloride, styrene, and acrylic monomers into tough, well-defined chains. Chemists sometimes tweak the chlorination level on the benzoyl rings to fine-tune half-life or decomposition temperatures, swapping some other halogenated acids when ultra-high temperature performance is needed. While some smaller labs like to experiment with co-initiators, in industrial practice, the base molecule does most of the heavy lifting, only occasionally seeing blends with other peroxides to broaden application use or push out decomposition beyond 110°C.
Synonyms & Product Names
No one in the chemical trade wants supply chain confusion, so over the years, common names have stuck. Along with Enox DCBCP, the industry uses names like 2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl Peroxide, DCBP, or even just “dichloro peroxide” for short. Regulatory paperwork might use more formal language like “Bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide”, and global logistics systems often log this material by its CAS Number: 133-14-2. This name uniformity keeps things straightforward when health, safety, and compliance teams need to track shipments around the globe.
Safety & Operational Standards
Peroxide handling is no joke. Every warehouse manager who’s had to clean up after an accidental spill knows that even minor friction or contamination with rust or dust can trigger runaway reactions. Workplaces keep strict temperature logs and train teams to spot even slight discoloration or unusual odor. Loading docks use specialized scoops, not metal shovels, and spill kits include foam extinguishers, not just water hoses, since adding water to burning peroxides can ramp up the hazard. Respiratory masks and gloves are non-negotiable. Employees go through monthly drills, and third-party safety audits are the norm, not the exception. In some countries, handling permits demand annual review, especially in facilities near residential zones.
Application Area
Most DCBP finds its use in plastics and resins, where polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene formulations benefit from its even initiator profile. Some specialty elastomers also thrive using this peroxide, delivering tighter molecular weight distributions. A smaller share goes to specialty chemical synthesis, where its reactive oxygen content helps make fine chemicals or introduce specific structural motifs into aromatic rings. Industrial coatings firms also turn to DCBP for weatherable polymers and high-gloss finishes. Outside these markets, it doesn’t typically headline small-scale organic synthesis, because safety requirements make it overkill for most university or hobbyist labs.
Research & Development
University and company labs keep pushing for peroxides that work at even higher temperatures without breaking down prematurely, exploring unusual ring systems or alternative halogenation patterns. A lot of effort also goes into blending DCBP with micro-encapsulation technologies, so the peroxide releases only under specific temperature or pressure triggers. This helps folks in medical device and automotive sectors, where better control over polymerization can improve component life span or lower emissions in the curing process. Publications focus on refining decomposition profiles and slashing impurities, since even a trace impurity can throw off entire batches of medical-grade plastics.
Toxicity Research
Safety committees track the effects of DCBP exposure closely. Animal studies from the 1980s flagged potential for skin and respiratory irritation, so the industry dropped allowable exposure limits even lower. Acute exposure can lead to headaches, dizziness, or more severe lung irritation, highlighting the importance of wearing full PPE. Chronic toxicity seems low when handled correctly, but regulators haven’t dropped their guard, demanding regular worker health monitoring. Environmental scientists also keep an eye on breakdown byproducts, making sure that industrial wastewater streams get proper treatment. I’ve seen sites invest in secondary containment and full effluent testing, ensuring runoff stays within strict limits. Though lab results haven’t tied DCBP to long-term carcinogenic risk, the lack of extensive data keeps public health authorities vigilant.
Future Prospects
The world needs smarter polymers and greener manufacturing. Teams now focus on finding DCBP alternatives that lower energy use in polyvinyl chloride and acrylics industries while open to safer handling peroxides. Green chemistry initiatives hope to create initiators from plant-based feedstocks, while automation geeks build smarter sensors to catch decomposition events before they happen. Some research groups tinker with digital twins, modeling plant reactivity down to the gram, catching problems long before a batch rolls off the line. Industry folks I’ve met keep pressing for clearer regulatory guidance, not just on DCBP, but on the whole peroxide family, so innovation doesn’t outpace safety. The right balance between reactivity, stability, and environmental responsibility is the road every major player keeps traveling, as society demands safer, more reliable plastics and chemical building blocks.
The Stuff Behind the Label
Walk into any factory dealing with rubber goods or plastics and you’ll notice more than just raw materials and machines. In the background, the real workhorses often come in obscure containers, labeled with long technical names few recognize. Bis (2,4-Dichloro Benzoyl) Peroxide, often shortened to DCBP, stands out in this crowd. It’s not your average material. Inside chemical plants, I’ve watched how this peroxide quietly shapes the production lines that supply everything from car gaskets to wire insulation.
How DCBP Changes the Game in Rubber and Plastics
DCBP acts as a powerful curing agent and polymerization initiator. In the real world, that means it starts reactions, helping turn loose polymer chains in plastics and rubbers into durable products. Think about a car tire or a weatherproof cable—getting those materials tough enough for use would be impossible without an initiator. I remember seeing batches of synthetic rubber blend come together in just minutes, all thanks to reliable initiators like DCBP pushing the chemical reactions forward.
Curing offers resilience, the ability to handle heat, and stretch without breaking. Years in manufacturing have taught me you can’t skip steps or settle for half-cured compounds. Mistakes show up quickly—cracks in hoses, weak seals, failures under pressure. The peroxide’s role is irreplaceable in this process, much like a baker counting on yeast for bread to rise. Ask any production manager, and they’ll tell you: product quality relies on chemical consistency.
Why Factories Rely on DCBP
Factories don’t switch up chemicals on a whim. I’ve seen heated discussions in rooms where every cost and safety factor gets weighed out. DCBP continues to be favored for several reasons. It breaks down at just the right temperature, which gives workers time to shape rubber mixtures before curing sets in. Confidence in that timing saves waste, money, and time. Its byproducts are also manageable, so ventilation and filtration setups can handle them with little trouble.
There’s also a safety side to this equation. Peroxides can be hazardous if mishandled, but DCBP falls in the range where risk can be managed with solid training, airtight storage, and straightforward procedures. Most accidents I’ve seen happen when corners get cut. Proper labeling, storage away from heat, and respecting shelf lives remain non-negotiable in every chemical lab or floor I’ve worked in.
Room for Responsible Choice
Many in industry circles keep a keen eye on regulatory updates around these kinds of peroxides. Regulations in the EU and North America aim to keep workers and consumers safe. As researchers learn more about long-term impacts, manufacturers look for greener alternatives or safer handling protocols. Investment in better ventilation, automatic dosing, and regular safety training go a long way. I’ve worked with teams rolling out emergency drills twice yearly, which keeps everyone alert to the risk and focused on prevention.
For readers who are more on the business or product design side, the reliability of a compound like DCBP can enable product performance that sets brands apart. There’s always pressure to balance strength, flexibility, and the environment. Thoughtful sourcing, regular staff training, and investments in cleaner tech matter just as much as the chemistry itself. From what I’ve seen over the years, building that culture of responsibility leads to safer products, more sustainable business, and protection for everyone down the supply chain.
Understanding What’s on the Bench
In any lab, the arrival of a fresh drum of Enox Dcbp perks up the risk sensors. Bis (2,4-Dichloro Benzoyl) Peroxide sounds like a mouthful, but in practice, it’s a routine ingredient if you work with plastics or rubber. It’s everywhere in polymer chemistry. Still, every chemist I know doubles down on safety when splitting open a new batch.
The Real Risks
People love shortcuts, but there aren’t any with this compound. It’s not just a mild irritant. Contact with skin can trigger burns. Eyes don’t stand a chance — even a stray dust breath can leave a mark. I’ve seen colleagues argue about whether to switch gloves after handling the packaging; one guy learned the hard way after a small rash turned into a week off work. This stuff isn’t forgiving.
Fire and Stability
Organic peroxides like Enox Dcbp store more risk than most average chemicals. It’s a strong oxidizing agent, which makes it a friend when you need a hard starter in polymerizations but a nightmare near heat or open flames. Years back, a supplier shipped us a container in the heat of August, and by the time it reached our lab, a couple of bottles were showing pressure inside. The smell – sharp, biting – never leaves your memory. We moved it with extra caution, and safety called in the disposal service that day. No one wants to see a peroxide fire.
Safe Habits in the Lab
Personal protective equipment is non-negotiable. This means nitrile gloves, splash-resistant goggles, a lab coat, and sometimes even a face shield for big batch work. Fume hoods aren’t up for debate either. Good ventilation keeps accidental dust or vapor from filling the air when weighing out doses.
Most important, don’t keep more on the benchtop than you use that day. Long-term storage goes into the designated peroxide explosion-resistant fridge. I’ve seen mistakes — leaving a small jar out overnight, trusting that no one will bump it. That’s how accidents happen.
Proper Training and Record-Keeping
No amount of labels or warning signs replace hands-on training. Every new team member at my last job practiced handling Enox Dcbp with a seasoned supervisor. We didn’t wait until someone made a mistake. Routine checks became the norm. Every bottle got logged; shelf life mattered, and expired stock left the premises fast.
Looking at the Alternatives and Industry Response
Industries constantly review how to improve safety with organic peroxides. Some companies switched to less sensitive initiators, though cost and performance keep Enox Dcbp in steady demand. The European Chemicals Agency keeps pushing for stricter hazard disclosure so no surprises slip through. In the U.S., OSHA guidance, plus regular chemical safety audits, keep management on its toes.
Building a Culture of Awareness
Lab safety culture starts with respect for the risks. Skipping a step isn’t worth the fallout. Bis (2,4-Dichloro Benzoyl) Peroxide will always reward careful SOP following, from shipping right through to final disposal. Sharing near-miss stories around the break room helps keep the risks real and present in everyone’s mind. Honest communication builds a safety mindset that outlasts any single drum of peroxide.
Protecting Product Quality Starts in the Storage Room
Most products don’t leave much room for error when it comes to storage. Temperatures above or below the recommended range can ruin more than just the shelf life; they can damage integrity, taste, potency, or even put users at risk. For example, pharmaceuticals require cool, dry, dark environments for a reason — a little sunlight or extra humidity destroys compounds designed to heal. Food behaves much the same way. A bag of rice left open on a damp shelf quickly draws insects and molds, yet people sometimes store it carelessly, then wonder why there’s a problem later on. The lesson is simple enough: following storage suggestions isn’t a luxury or good habit, but the only way to avoid spoilage and loss.
Common Pitfalls: Everyday Mistakes Create Costly Problems
Most mistakes in storage and handling come from rushing or cutting corners. Heavy items stacked on sensitive packaging? Boxes squeezed against an outside wall in summer? It’s easy to say, “that’ll be fine for a night,” but those shortcuts collect over time. Grains, chemicals, and electronics all react badly to heat and moisture. If rust or rot begins, the problem keeps spreading. Once, working in a community food bank, I saw a pallet crammed in a poorly ventilated corner because space was tight. By the time we needed the products at the bottom, moisture from the exterior wall had seeped in, and nearly everything was ruined. No label can predict every risk, but basic discipline can prevent the worst results.
Simplicity: Follow the Rules You’re Given
Manufacturers print handling requirements and storage information clearly, but experience tells me that people either ignore the label or don’t believe there will be a difference. Consider vaccines as an example: they’re only safe and useful within a tight temperature window. Even a short period in the “danger zone” wastes their effect and risks patient safety. Facts like these are widely available — the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that any vaccine stored at the wrong temperature should be thrown away, even if it looks normal.
Food, supplements, paint, fertilizer: instructions aren’t just legal fine print. Each product requires care before it ever gets used. This is as much about respect for customers as it is for science. Whether storing flour or fertilizer, staff should always rotate stock properly, keep records, and separate incompatible products. Mixing bleach and ammonia isn’t just a cleaning faux pas — it produces toxic gas. Many dangerous situations start with a single “split-second” mistake in the storeroom.
Better Solutions: Train and Invest in Safety
Good training makes all the difference. Regular refreshers turn “good enough” habits into tools for prevention. Some stores and companies invest in climate-controlled facilities, not just for compliance but because they know loss costs more in the end. Electronic monitoring has become common in industries prone to temperature swings. Small businesses that can’t afford sophisticated systems still benefit from basic thermometers and checklists. This isn’t about adding layers of management or rules for the sake of paperwork, but making smart decisions.
Respect Storage, Respect Health—and the Bottom Line
From medicine to food to farm supplies, proper storage and handling save money, prevent harm, and sustain trust. Poor care always catches up, often in the form of wasted product or loss of reputation. People put care into making things right; getting storage right honors that effort, protects everyone, and reduces unnecessary waste in the process.
Breaking Down the Chemistry
In any busy chemical laboratory, there’s usually a shelf with small, distinctly labeled bottles filled with fine powders and crystals. Sometimes you see Enox Dcbp among them. Chemically, Enox Dcbp refers to 4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone peroxide. Its formula is C13H8Cl2O2. With its pale-yellow crystalline look, it feels pretty unremarkable at a glance. But people who handle it respect what it can do. Manufacturers keep close watch over the purity of Enox Dcbp—often aiming for numbers above 98%. Anything less causes headaches in production and research. With such purity, chemical reactions kick off reliably, and yields stay consistent batch after batch.
Why Purity Matters Beyond the Lab
Poking around chemistry supply rooms, I noticed every synth carried a strong emphasis on labels. High-purity Enox Dcbp means better outcomes, fewer failures, and less wasted time and money. Labs don’t want to test a dozen times to get reproducible results just because an intermediate didn’t meet specs. Somewhere down the line, a lower purity batch can lead to odd byproducts, extra clean-up, or less stable end products. That impacts everything from plastics manufacturing to pharmaceutical synthesis.
Health Implications and Environmental Responsibility
Working with any chloro-compound means thinking about health. Impurities might introduce unpredictable reactions. For those mixing Enox Dcbp into composites or specialty polymers, they know that higher purity lowers the risks of side effects—like dangerous fumes or unsafe residues. Even on a small scale, losing control of a chemical process due to subpar ingredients can mean lost hours and extra hazards, especially in tight workspaces. In my own time running quality checks during summer internships, failed purity tests put projects on ice for days and stressed out the team.
Trust, Transparency, and Supply Chain
Buying any chemical goes beyond scanning a price list. It’s a trust exercise. Researchers and engineers demand full details on what comes in the barrel or bottle—not just for peace of mind but for traceability. Supply chain documentation should always describe past testing results for purity and trace contamination. Companies that open up about their analysis and provide detailed certificates set the tone for a safer industry. I’ve learned that unsourced or poorly labeled material creates real frustration and wasted budgets. It’s not just about best practices—it’s about following regulations and protecting workers.
Seeking Better Solutions in Chemical Sourcing
Plenty of chemists now push for changes in how suppliers handle high-stakes compounds. Rapid verification technology and digital lot tracking mean that labs can screen for purity in real time. Larger buyers pool orders to demand better quality control. Some facilities have started asking for independent third-party certificates instead of relying only on in-house numbers. These steps increase confidence. They also smooth out research timelines and help avoid disastrous recall events that sap credibility and profits in the bigger picture.
Looking Forward
Real progress in the chemical sector comes from honest sourcing, thorough testing, and clear communication. The value of Enox Dcbp, like most specialty chemicals, lies as much in its reliability as in its reactivity. Ensuring that every shipment meets purity expectations pays off—in safer labs, better products, and fewer setbacks for everyone involved. That’s good for everyday workers, researchers, and communities that rely on safe, consistent production.
Why Proper Response Matters
If you’ve spent any time in a lab or warehouse where chemicals like Enox Dcbp get unpacked, moments come that break the usual routine—a swipe of the hand over a drum, a slip on a dusty spot, cracked gloves. These things don’t appear in glossy safety posters, but anyone in the field knows these events spark more learning than most training slides. Spills and exposure aren’t rare. Reacting with skill and urgency makes a difference not only for those directly affected, but for every coworker who shares the space.
Facing the Risk Head-On
Enox Dcbp isn’t just another powder on the shelf. It acts as a strong oxidizer and potential irritant. After seeing a friend land in urgent care with skin burns from a chemical splash, my perspective on handling these substances changed. It’s not enough to have labels and safety data sheets collecting dust. Understanding the steps for accidental contact—before mistakes happen—gives real protection.
If a container tips or breaks, air can fill with a sharp smell, and powder drifts across floors. Touching your skin or eyes, a substance like Enox Dcbp brings a sting that signals damage is starting right away. In those first minutes, people freeze or run for a supervisor. That pause adds risk. Shouting for help works better if everyone has rehearsed the routine: alert coworkers, get the right spill kit, evacuate the area if dust hangs in the air. Speed trumps hesitation.
Immediate Steps: More Than Checklists
Working in a cargo facility, I watched veteran technicians react to a spill with calm—blocking the area, flipping on exhaust fans, pulling on thicker gloves before cleaning. Their routine followed a script: scoop dry powders using natural fiber brooms, never try to vacuum, avoid mixing the chemical with flammable cleaning pads or unknown absorbents.
Anyone exposed to Enox Dcbp should rush to a sink. Removing contaminated clothing, rinsing skin for at least fifteen minutes with plain water, can mean fewer scars and a quicker recovery. If the powder hits the eyes, eyewash stations with constant flow matter most—my supervisor’s voice echoes in my head, “Keep rinsing until the paramedics say stop.” No shortcuts or quick rinses cut it with this chemical.
During one chaotic morning at a distribution hub, a worker’s coughing and watery eyes signaled a more serious kind of exposure. Only quick evacuation and fresh air kept things under control—that memory still circles in weekly safety meetings. Sometimes we forget that dust in the air is invisible until breathing grows ragged.
Building Better Habits
Clear routines work best—spills announced with short shouts, immediate focus on first aid, calling emergency services if symptoms seem more than skin deep. Long before an accident, updating training drills and making spill kits easy to find guides workers to act fast. Supervisors should walk through cleanup steps in person, not just rely on digital briefings. Bringing firsthand stories into safety talks drives the point home.
A good solution comes down to asking questions: Does every worker know where the nearest eyewash sits? Are gloves rated for oxidizers, or just splash protection? Are used rags and mop heads put in bins rated for reactive chemicals, or tossed with regular garbage? Factory and lab teams get safer not with bigger rule books, but with open talk, better practice gear, and bosses who walk the floor instead of just holding meetings.
Meeting Today’s Standards, Protecting Tomorrow’s Workers
OSHA and EPA rules offer the backbone, listing Enox Dcbp among substances that call for upgraded PPE, tight labeling, and traceable waste disposal. I’ve learned standards aren’t enough—living by the rules means keeping gear in arms’ reach, pushing for ventilation checks, and making sure new staff don’t skip hazardous material drills. If someone walks into a splash or releases dust, those prepared habits do more than any sign on the wall.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide |
| Other names |
BIS(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide
Enox DCBP Peroxan DCBP Perkadox DCBP DCBP |
| Pronunciation | /ˈbɪs ˌtuː fɔːr daɪˈklɔːroʊ benˈzoʊɪl pəˈrɒksaɪd iˈnɒks diː-siː-biː-piː/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide |
| Other names |
Dichlorobenzoyl peroxide
Bisperoxide DCBP Bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide Enox DCBP DCBP |
| Pronunciation | /ˈbɪs tuː fɔːr daɪˈklɔːroʊ bɛnˈzɔɪl pəˈrɒk.saɪd iː.nɒks diː siː biː piː/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | [133-14-2] |
| Beilstein Reference | 1233785 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:91222 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1969379 |
| ChemSpider | 22596 |
| DrugBank | DB11115 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03b4cb4d-7b06-4e41-9f41-aec19d6d1bb7 |
| EC Number | 221-225-7 |
| Gmelin Reference | 65357 |
| KEGG | C18557 |
| MeSH | D005602 |
| PubChem CID | 15750 |
| RTECS number | DJ1050000 |
| UNII | A72CZ4W8B1 |
| UN number | UN3108 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID3046927 |
| CAS Number | 133-14-2 |
| Beilstein Reference | 2881562 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:135520 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1431137 |
| ChemSpider | 2733492 |
| DrugBank | DB11315 |
| ECHA InfoCard | echa.europe.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.018.427 |
| EC Number | 221-507-5 |
| Gmelin Reference | 89417 |
| KEGG | C18606 |
| MeSH | D004344 |
| PubChem CID | 15751 |
| RTECS number | GC9100000 |
| UNII | 89M44Q872B |
| UN number | 3241 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | C191679 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C16H8Cl4O4 |
| Molar mass | 406.09 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Slightly pungent |
| Density | 1.39 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 3.71 |
| Vapor pressure | 1.56E-7 mmHg at 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.6 |
| Basicity (pKb) | pKb = 12.1 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -0.0004 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.600 |
| Viscosity | 23-27% (as suspension in DOP) |
| Dipole moment | 2.5 D |
| Chemical formula | C16H8Cl4O4 |
| Molar mass | 414.1 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Slightly aromatic |
| Density | 1.5 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 3.88 |
| Vapor pressure | < 0.1 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 11.6 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 6.2 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | 0.06×10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.610 |
| Viscosity | 23.0% min |
| Dipole moment | 2.85 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 318.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -178.3 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -1035.8 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 315.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -362.3 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -953.8 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | D10AE01 |
| ATC code | D10AE01 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Heating may cause a fire; Harmful if swallowed; Causes skin irritation; Causes serious eye irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS02,GHS07,GHS05 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H242, H317, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P220, P234, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-4-2-OX |
| Flash point | 73°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 160°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 Oral Rat 4848 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): >5000 mg/kg (rat oral) |
| NIOSH | TC4625000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 5 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.2 mg/m³ |
| Main hazards | Oxidizing, harmful if swallowed, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye irritation, may cause allergic skin reaction |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS02,GHS07,GHS05,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H242, H317, H319, H410 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P220, P234, P280, P305+P351+P338, P370+P378, P411+P235, P420, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-2-4-OX |
| Flash point | 58°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 80°C |
| Explosive limits | 2.5 - 90 % (V) |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): >5000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 10000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | NIOSH: **XP3850000** |
| PEL (Permissible) | 5 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.2 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | IDLH: Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Benzoyl peroxide
Dicumyl peroxide Lauroyl peroxide Tert-butyl peroxybenzoate Diacetyl peroxide Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride |
| Related compounds |
Benzoyl peroxide
Dicumyl peroxide 2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride Di-tert-butyl peroxide Lauroyl peroxide |